January 5, 2023 | Adamas University

Structural Engineering- Brief Introduction and Career Opportunities

Who are the makers of these enormous structures and designs?

How they have been built?

The fitting answer to all the questions above is “Structural Engineering”.

Under the numerous branches of Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering is one of the most important one. It oversees plans and manages different developments like construction of flyovers, bridge formation, excavation of tunnels, erecting towers, and so on. In other words, majorly the structural engineers ensure construction safety and solidarity of our structures that they would withstand every one of the environmental conditions.

Structural engineers are specialized in determining the integrity of a structure. They assess the issues that a structure may have and build up arrangements as solutions to that. They possess the knowledge to determine the strength, durability, and safety of any given structure.

Well, if you are someone who finds these things fascinating, then you can opt for the course M.Tech in Structural. It is a two-year program in which candidates will be taught about the modern methodologies of designing a structure, they will study about the advanced usages of construction materials and analysis processes of structures using different software under forces especially dynamic in nature.

Here, at Adamas University this program is offered with the goal to deliver specialists who will have basic technical ability and strong analytical skills to create structural designs and to analyze them at ease. Students in this course learns majorly learns about the materials used in construction work and get trained on cutting edge ideas of designing through various activities and dissertation work. Structural dynamics and earthquake-resistant design of structures, rehabilitation of the structure, advanced materials and dissertation is a portion of the significant points shrouded in the M.Tech in Structural Engineering course.

It is reasonably a practical learning course as well where understudies are given project work that enables students to learn about Structure Design labs, the latest design software, and construction material lab.

Although it may sound as interesting as anything, this course cannot be pursued by any graduates. Some Specific eligibility criteria need to be fulfilled.

Eligibility Criteria for Admission

Criteria mentioned below are essential to take admission in the course:

Any candidate must hold a Civil Engineering BE/ B.Tech degree from any recognized university plus a valid GATE scorecard.
Or, Special Institutional exams (Adamas University Admission Test) and Personal Interview.

Now, one must be wondering about career options a candidate would get after completing the M.Tech degree in structural engineering.

Career Options and Job Prospects for Structural Engineers

Any course completion will offer either to go for higher studies or to look for job opportunities. If someone is fond of academics and has a thing to learn the engineering concepts even deeper, then they can opt for Ph.D. from IITs, NITs, or from any reputed university from India or abroad. Coming back to job opportunities, after post-graduation in Structural Engineering one can look out for work openings in private construction organization as Structural Engineer or Structural consultant. One can seek employment in the government public sector as well through exams these PSU’s organizes. Structural engineers can start their career as construction designers or as consulting engineers at any organization and can then be promoted up to the position of the project manager or functional manager for design or construction operation later on with ample experience which they will master throughout their career. In any case, they would initially have to acquire the Professional Engineering (PE) license, on the grounds that only authorized specialists can accept obligations for public activities. The social roles of professionals in Structural engineering play a huge impact in the construction industry. A candidate can be recruited with a wide range of roles and responsibilities depending on the project they will be working on.

To summaries the whole thing let me share my experience as a Structural Engineer

How’s a common day for a Structural Engineer?

As a Structural Engineer one has two very distinct professional choices:

work as a site engineer, in which case the job will be based on the construction site and the responsibility for the work going on there will be assigned.
or then again be a specialist, where the job will be an office-based one and the major responsibility will be setting up the drawing, plans, and designs which the contractor utilizes as direction for their construction.

Working Ethics and Coordination of Structural Engineers:

It is important for the last mentioned and in the workplace, various issues each day were taken care of by the officials. Typically, 3D logical models of structures were made, and one needs to completely see and understand how the stress distributed through the structure down into the ground. This part sets aside some effort to resolve, thus consistently one must be building up an alternate design for their structure. Likewise, the fundamental layout is coordinated with different orders like design, mechanical and electrical drawings, and so on here and there. The position of a line or a major window could influence the design thus a team routinely needs to sit together to determine conflicts until everything works fine and is completely coordinated. Like this every day would throw new challenges towards us.

Today in this new age era where everything is available at finger tips, for structural engineering also there are wide range of software available now-a-days. For Bridge Engineering MIDAS software is there similarly for RC structures StaadPro and ETABS and for Steel Structures Tekla software is there. In recent time software like SAP and other similar software gaining popularity for doing dynamic analysis of structures considering earthquake vibration into account. All modern-day structures have to go through the dynamic analysis. The challenge for one budding structural engineer would be to master the skill in all of the software to build a good career being a structural engineer.

IoT Technology to Perform Critical Role in Post-Covid Retrieval of Industry

Introduction:

As the contamination acquired over the world, the guidelines of living life reformed. Productions of all categories radically altered their dynamics. One of the first divisions to profit from the pandemic is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has been performing a crucial role in engineering events and it will have an even better position in the times to come.

Like any other disaster, the COVID-19 disease has also showed to be a substance for modification. The parameters executed by the worldwide pandemic have forced us to appraise every opportunity, from distant working to touch-free delivery to automation and many more application. These progresses led to the Internet of Things (IoT) based devices, sensors, actuators, scanners and other associated results becoming a requirement. As per the pandemic situation forced almost all productions to modify their working performs and significances in a substance of weeks, research reports and several use cases have further authenticated that Internet of Things is becoming a necessity for business stability during challenging situations and will last afterwards.

IOT and Business market:

IoT has played an important part in supportive business steadiness as the COVID-19 pandemic hit corporates across the world. The international education covering closely 2400 businesses in approximately 14 markets along with India exhibited that more than three-quarters of defendants have improved the speed of IoT projects during the pandemic situation.

Basically, adopters of the skill believed IoT was essential to preserve them going, with 85 per cent representing that the skill was vital to maintaining business stability throughout the pandemic. As an outcome, the study exhibited 85 per cent now observed the incorporation of IoT based devices with employees as a higher importance, and 74 per cent decided that the covid-19 pandemic would quicken their implementation strategies.

The study also exhibited that IoT lasts to produce value and return on investment (ROI) for adopters, and 88 per cent approved their fundamental business policy has transformed for the improved as a result of accepting IoT.

IoT is allowing fruitful digital alteration today. It is providing improved business visions & customer involvement. The tie among IoT expertise and an enhanced client involvement can be observed most willingly, possibly, in trade settings. One of the opportunities of these novel visions are often a lessening in functioning expenditure and interruption. This kind of skill could help lower both operational expenditures and system interruption in plants and other industrial fixings, while serving workers to acquire on the work about how apparatuses work and/or may be broken separately for conservation and advancement – conceivably via smart goggles, AR headphones and tablets. By relating a business’s key progressions, leaders can simply recognize ways to enhance efficiency and outcomes. Though the extreme apparent use cases for the IoT revolve around effectiveness, outcomes, and procedure monitoring, we’re progressively observing corporates identify the opportunity for it to offer them with data about their consumers and in what way they utilize their outcomes.

Career opportunities:

Main driving feature will be Internet, for different platforms and tools in the upcoming future. Seeing the ultimatum for connected customer goods, IoT is possible to gain grip in the post-Pandemic world. The technological arena will have significant career openings with higher knowledge and pay scales. The opportunity of IoT engineer, designer and the specialist will grow more in future. Technology revolutions in the arenas of energy consumption, home automation, smart agriculture, smart water pump, smart cities, automotive and driverless cars are all focused by IoT skills. Now we are in a situation where physical things like furniture, medical sectors. home appliances, vehicles, weather monitoring, shoes, watch, energy meter and many additional things have become ‘SMART’ concept. The career opportunities for IoT experts have extremely increased. A latest NASSCOM report recommended it by saying that 98,000 fresh skilled engineers will be appointed by topmost Indian IT companies this year and the noticeable skill sets these corporates are looking for are in domains like Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence.

With this preface to career openings, eye-catching pay packages and the market prospective of IoT, let us investigate deep into why choosing a profession in the IoT dominion is a smart choice in the present situation. A profession in IoT is pretty hopeful for those peoples who have advanced level idea and creative skills and are looking for a thrilling work atmosphere, professional expansion, and higher returns that IT experts. IoT is a very speedily growing arena. The IoT job openings that presently available could never be even imagined or thought of before. There are many areas, as we conversed, to choose from presently, and you can either go into security, propose the UI, or design the various subsystems like wireless sensor networks, embedded firmware. The choices obtainable before you are infinite.

Legal Analytics: Rising trends of Artificial Intelligence in Judiciary

Nowadays, analytics is becoming a part of various domains. It is associated with sectors like business, health, manufacture, etc. Then it is not surprising that it can help legal professionals to deliver services. Legal Analytics consists of extracting insights from huge amounts of legal data. In practise, legal analytics tools assist lawyers in making data-driven insights about which legal strategies to deliver services.

While the altruistic parts of practising law are vital, lawyers must remember that in order to survive, a law firm must make a profit. The application of data to the business and practise of law is known as legal analytics. Legal analytics cleans up, structures, and analyses raw data from dockets and other legal documents using technologies like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and searching.

Users of Legal Analytics

The resources for legal analytics will be highlighted in this guide. The annual “Am Law 100” and “Am Law 200″ surveys rank United States law firms by number of attorneys, profits per partner, and overall revenue. In a 2017 survey, Lexis and ALM Legal Intelligence (ALM) asked leaders of the Am Law 200 about the value of Legal Analytics and how law firms can leverage analytics. ” Legal analytics is described as “tools and/or capabilities powered by artificial intelligence technology capable of sorting through massive volumes of data to uncover trends linked with certain courts, judges, expert witnesses, etc.” for the purposes of the survey. Globally, Legal analytics is used by 36 percent of the litigators, trial attorneys, and librarians, etc.

Legal Analytics: International Perspective

Legal analytics was rated by 100 percent of respondents in the Lexis-ALM poll as the most valuable tool for proving competitive advantage to clients. Legal Analytics were judged to be effective for determining strategy for specific courts or judges by 98 percent of individuals who utilised them for litigation. Legal analytics were deemed to be effective in anticipating the expected results of strategy or arguments by 96 percent of respondents, and in case assessment by 94 percent. The usage of analytics will most likely rise, according to 82 percent of respondents. Saving money, pricing projects, winning lawsuits, acquiring new clients, and developing existing clients are all areas where they see analytics becoming more prevalent. According to the Bloomberg Law poll, the most valuable application of legal analytics for those asked was for client analytics, with litigation strategy coming in second. E-Discovery was the most common application of legal analytics among in-house counsel who responded to the Coalition of Technology Resources for Lawyers survey, with respondents expecting this use to rise in the future. In-house counsel are also utilising legal analytics to select and evaluate law firms, according to the poll, with 77 percent using analytics to assess firm billing rates and 88 percent using analytics to assess performance. Additionally, those polled saw analytics being used for contract evaluation becoming more common. With a 146% increase in the number of organisations employing analytics for contract review and a 54% increase in the number of legal departments saying that they will begin using analytics for contract review, the use of analytics for contract review is on the rise.

Legal Analytics: National Perspective

According to a survey conducted by Gurugram-based BML Munjal University (School of Law) in July 2020, roughly 42 percent of lawyers estimate that in the next 3 to 5 years, artificial intelligence would be able to handle up to 20% of routine, day-to-day legal work. According to the report, research and analytics are the most sought talents in young lawyers, according to 94 percent of law practitioners. Earlier this year, Chief Justice of India SA Bobde stated unequivocally that the Indian judiciary has to include artificial intelligence into its system, particularly when it comes to document management and cases that repeat themselves. With more industries and professional sectors adopting AI and data analytics, the legal profession is no exception, albeit in a limited way.

Bangalore-based SpotDraft is an AI-powered contract management tool that assists users with contract drafting, review, management, and signing. This AI technology can also analyse legal documents and advise users on negotiating clauses. For text analysis, the platform employs AI and machine learning, which is commonly employed in academic work. According to the company website, SpotDraft has processed over 6,000,000 contracts since its inception in 2017.

CaseMine, a startup established in the National Capital Region, is employing artificial intelligence to make legal research and analysis more in-depth and thorough than a standard search. The company’s CaseIQ software is a virtual research assistant that extracts information from legal papers. Without having to reformulate case data into searchable legal propositions, the software aids in obtaining relevant search results. CaseMine “enhances typical legal research to extend beyond simply keywords and get relevant results utilising whole texts and briefs,” according to the company.

Pensieve, a Mumbai-based firm named after Harry Potter Character Professor Albus Dumbledor’s memory reviewer, delivers an AI-system that reads legal papers. Mitra.ai, the company’s flagship product, can understand the context of a search query and make appropriate recommendations. Unlike traditional search engines, our platform uses machine learning algorithms to give the most relevant information based on hundreds of documents. The firm also promises to assist in the preparation of defensible arguments.

Civil Engineering Leaps to Next Generation with Application of AI-ML

Civil Engineering has been one of the oldest disciplines in the engineering sector. Like many other engineering trades, a lot of new techniques were developed and implemented to improve the quality of construction and maintain the economy of the structure. Now in the 21st century, this sector is on the verge of entering into a new dimension with the application of ‘Artificial Intelligence’ and ‘Machine Learning’. Here is how you will understand that the next generation civil engineering is not going to be the same as it used to be in the past or at least in the last decade.

Introduction:

The Past:

Let us just remember the society in ancient times. The infrastructures were developed based on the basic needs of the people. We have seen some beautiful structures in ‘Inka’ civilization. ‘Ottoman’ Empire had a great irrigation system. ‘Mesopotamian’ or ‘Harappan’ civilizations were also known

for their organized irrigation and water supply system. ‘Roman’ empire had built marvelous eye-catching monuments. Modern road construction techniques were first seen in ‘Roman’ civilization. The modern-day construction materials were introduced by the ‘Romans’. Other monuments like

‘the Great Wall of China’ or ‘Qutab Minar’ or even ‘Taj mahal’, all are built with almost similar methods of manual construction, and manual supervision. They all were built before the industrial revolution.

The Present:

The development of engineering can be classified into two phases: Pre- Industrial Revolution and Post-Industrial revolution. We all know that the first industrial revolution happened in the 17th century with the invention of the steam engine which excelled in the transportation engineering sector. The engineering sector especially the civil and construction industry evolved with the introduction of heavy equipment and machinery which helped humans to uplift and carry heavy materials easily from place to place. When concreting was becoming a popular method of construction technique, mixing all the ingredients of concrete used to be a manual process and took a lot of effort and time. A huge amount of human resources was also required for batching, mixing, and casting at the place of application. After all of it still, there was a chance of human error due to a lack of skill and supervision.

The second industrial revolution was driven by the invention of electricity in the 18^th century. Concrete mixers, batching plants, cranes, etc. have helped civil engineering to overcome a few of these challenges to reduce error and accidents on construction sites.

With the introduction of Information Technology in the 19th century, we are presently in the third industrial revolution. Different design and analysis software are also available in the market to make the life of designers easier these days. But still, the basic tasks of most civil engineers are practiced conventionally.

The Future:

The fourth industrial revolution is already underway in the 21st century driven by Artificial Intelligence. Hence all the engineering disciplines are on the verge to leap into a new dimension. This leads engineering into automation. Especially in civil engineering, Artificial Intelligence has a huge role to play and can change the elements of responsibility of a civil engineer in a whole new way. Artificial Intelligence generally consists of Machine Learning, Neural Network, Fuzzy System, Genetic Algorithm, etc. which are nothing but some sets of data along with the conditions and different calculations to predict the outcome of a new problem with a similar type of condition.

Every engineering project can be considered as a separate new experiment that has almost similar resources but different conditions. They all possess uncertainties and huge risks. In this case, Machine Learning may come as a great help to rescue us to minimize the risk and hazards associated with it. AI is a system through which one equipment can identify the problem, check the conditions, run the logical interpretation within it, and can make the suitable decision that will make the task fast, easier, safer, and economically viable. Artificial Intelligence is getting integrated into daily life for almost every gadget starting from mobile phones, and computers/laptops to lights, fans, ACs, doors, etc. We may have heard the concept of ‘Smart Building’ or ‘Smart Roads’ or ‘Smart Infrastructure’ which are nothing but some examples of the application of AI & ML in civil engineering.

Here are some examples of application of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering:

Structural Health Monitoring and warning system from time to time for repairing works and also to warn users to evacuate the place before collapsing of the structure.
Soil Testing (checking of moisture content, dry density, and classification.
Project Site Monitoring in the aspect of safety in dangerous working conditions.
Building Information Modelling.
Effective, Economic, and Suitable Project Planning, Project Scheduling, Managing, etc.
Identify complicated project problems and solve them at any intermediate stage of the project.
Prediction of optimum moisture content, the density of concrete, find out the proportional ratio of ingredients of concrete, and predict mix design using artificial neural network.
To forecast weather conditions, rainfall intensity, and runoff rate.
Prediction of discharge rate of river water, real-time reservoir capacity.
To judge the water demand of an area, manage the water supply system.
To figure out suitable crop types for agricultural lands, base, delta, duty, and
canal discharge capacity.
To Anticipate tidal effect in offshore structures, flood control measures in river basin areas.
Estimation of accurate resources required for the project.
To survey and reconnaissance.
To find out the stability of the foundation, and ground slope.
Analyze traffic volume, and pattern of movement.
Optimization of traffic signaling system to reduce travel time.
The fourth industrial revolution is already underway in 21^st century driven by Artificial Intelligence.

Though most of the areas in civil engineering can be beneficial with the application of AI & ML, also there are a few drawbacks that have to be overcome by the next generation of civil engineers. There are very few noes of persons in the field of civil engineering, who are fluent and comfortable with smart gadgets and equipment. It also requires regular software up gradation and high-specification computers or similar electronic devices to operate AI-enabled machines. Considering all these factors it can be concluded that the application of AI & ML in civil engineering is surely going to help to complete the project quickly and make the life of a civil engineer easier, more comfortable, and safer. Presently we have a limited no of civil engineers aware of the latest trends and techniques. Therefore, it comes as a huge opportunity for next-generation civil engineers to explore and excel in this area to shine bright in their careers.

August 15, 2022: 53 years of Indian Space Explorations

15 August, Independence Day of India also remarkable for foundation day of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization). It was formed on 1969 though the initiatives related to space program had been started by mid-1950. India’s space journey began after Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of Indian space Programme, established Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962. At that time Soviet Union and the United States were in top position in space research domain. INCOSPAR was renamed as ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) in 1969. In 1972, the Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission were established. ISRO was taken up by DOS on June 1, 1972. The vision of ISRO was: “Harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration”. The major objective of ISRO is to advance space equipment, machinery and its application to various national requirements. ISRO’s achievements, dedication and commitment have earned it national and international respect and therefore it is one of the six prime space organizations in the world.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai had once said that he had no fantasies of landing people on the Moon or studying other planets, he wants to make India self-reliant using space technology. And today, the space agency’s chief, K Sivan, says: “Sarabhai’s initial vision that space science and technology must be used for the benefit of the common man has been the guiding force for ISRO. And, all our programs were centered around this vision, which led to several applications. Now that we are meeting all those demands, we are on the path of planting new seeds, benefits of which will be reaped in the future.”

Here are some of the recent significant achievements that ISRO added to its hat:

MOM	Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission of ISRO) was launched in November 2013 and positioned into Mars’ orbit in September 2014. It finished five years of orbiting the Mars in 2019. It was India was the first country who successfully orbits the Mars in its first attempt. During this five years, MOM provided thousands of important images of Mars and its moons.
Mission Shakti	This mission is joint endeavor of ISRO and Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Mission Shakti drove India into the row of leading countries with anti-satellite (A-SAT). Prime Minister announced the success of this mission in Space Defense Mission Programme in March 2019. He declared India has successfully shot down a low-orbit earth (LEO) satellite which was at the 300 km altitude from the ground.
EMISAT launch	It is the first Electronic Surveillance Satellite (EMISAT) which was placed into sun-synchronous polar orbit of height 748 km . PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) of ISRO carried 28 nano satellites from foreign customers (US, Lithuania, Spain, and Switzerland) along with EMISAT. It was PSLV’s 47th flight and longest mission around the earth. This Space-based electronic intelligence or ELINT is helpful to increase the situational awareness to the Armed force as it provides information and location of hostile radars in border areas.
Chandrayaan-2	A Geosynchronous Satellite was Launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota carrying India’s aspiring mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-2. This is India’s second mission for exploring south pole of the Moon.
NETRA	NETRA (Network for space object Tracking and Analysis) is the another promising project ISRO. NETRA is used to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites and also sends warning to the earth station.
PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1	The PSLV-C51 launch vehicle fruitfully injected Amazonia-1 on 2021 with 18 other ride-sharing small satellites. Amazonia-1 is the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for Space Research (INPE). It would offer remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and also analyze analysis the spread of agriculture across the Brazilian area. It was the first dedicated commercial mission of New Space India Limited (NSIL). It is a Government of India company under Department of Space (DOS).
Indian student satellites UNITYsat and Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT)	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 successfully injected Indian student satellites UNITYsat and Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT) on 2021. Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Sriperumbudur (JITsat), GH Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur (GHRCEsat) and Sri Shakti Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore (Sri Shakthi Sat) jointly developed UNITYsat. Space Kidz India introduced Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT). UNITYsat used to provide radio relay services. SDSAT helps to study radiation level, space weather and demonstrate long distance communication technologies. Thus ISRO gives the wings to young minds.
PSLV-C52 /EOS-04	India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C52 launched Earth Observation Satellite EOS-04 in the year 2022. It is injected into a proposed sun synchronous polar orbit of height 529 km. It is a Radar Imaging Satellite. It is able to deliver high quality images under all weather conditions for applications such as Forestry & Plantations, Agriculture, Soil Moisture & Hydrology and Flood mapping.

Indian scientists have admirable progress and successes in space research. Their contribution makes India proud. Presently ISRO is able to rub shoulders with the best in the business, and one example is the Nasa-Isro Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) project, in which, ISRO is an equal partner with Nasa and not an agency that is seeking the big brother’s help.

Advancements in the Domain of Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is a domain that allows the world to work. From roads and highways to extensions to high rise buildings, this domain has been furnished the society with all convenient things that are essential for everyone’s existence. The progressions in Civil Engineering prolong to interrupt and improve production.

This branch of engineering supervises planning, designing, construction and maintenance of different public works like roads and highways, structures, railways and waterways. By the construction of important structures, modified communication system and other several projects, Civil Engineering always keeping the society in the uplift position.

Now the challenge becomes what might advancement for civil engineering resemble? In a domain that is now all over the place, how might it advance further? Recent fads and examination in Civil Engineering and Construction began not many years prior however it quickly executed during Covid period pandemic and post-pandemic. Some brief look at the advancements are portrayed beneath.

Vertical Farming

In the places of affected agricultural practices, Vertical farming is becoming a trend in those most upsetting areas. It portrays the thought of a multi-story structure to develop food all over the year using less space technology than traditional technology.

This tradition allowing Civil Engineers the opportunity to carry out water system frameworks and LED lighting, which lessens energy, water and compost use. Here, Civil Engineers could give access to more amounts of foods to the inhabitant that does not otherwise sound accessible.

Self-Healing Concrete

Concrete is verydangerous to the environment as it contributes too much amount of carbon dioxide production. That is the basis why proficient are seeking for a means to assist civil engineers and the surroundings For the reason, Civil Engineers developed self-healing concrete containing bacteria in concrete mix. The bacteria would grow when water enters into the cracks and construct limestone which fills the fissure before corrosion can start.

3D Modeling and Printing

In the present era, 3D printing is now becoming an auspicious advancement for all sectors and Civil Engineering is not an exception. Now a days, Civil Engineers are using programming like CyberCity 3D for modeling their plans in digital platform. Afterwards, Civil Engineers can print out the model with 3D printing maintaining proper scaling. Even advanced construction process is becoming convenient with this modern technological tool.

Modular Construction

Construction technology is revising day by day for the needs of modern life. One of the advanced methodinvented in Civil engineeringis modular construction. In a building construction project, this technology entails building parts of the project off-site and transporting it to the main site later. By reducing transportation costs and vehicular emission, this method already proved its capability.

Plastic Roads

Plastic pollution is becoming a severe problem now a days and civil engineers tried to use it in construction. As a result, the use of plastic waste was implemented and shown enough toughness in roads. Even the road can be constructed without using any concrete.

Photovoltaic Glazing

On roofs, windows and doors, photovoltaic glazing can replace the traditional glass as solar energy can be used as renewable energy. For the reason of execution of sustainable construction material, this method will be favorable for civil engineers.

Kinetic Energy

With the use of kinetic energy, i.e, by the energy of people’s footsteps, a setup was created and installed in high-traffic areas where transferring energy by the vehicle resulting in the production of sustainable electricity. Even this concept can be applied to busy office buildings also.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT), also known as IoT displays a ton of gadgets associated with one another so they can be used as transferring of data. This can assist in prompting with hurting advancements even in the field of construction.

With the use of this innovation, shrewd machines can be developed that can run and keep up with all alone particularly for redundant undertakings.

Further developed precision and usefulness of Geo-Location can help in following the hazardous regions and consequently helps in staying away from mishaps.

Additionally, shrewd advances can likewise be utilized to lessen the carbon footprint.

Drones

In the previous days, smart advancements were not exactly utilized in the field of construction. But in the present days, the situation is changing and with the appearance of new innovations, development is likewise becoming more astute and less monotonous.

For the purpose of screening of the construction site, drones are utilizing. Its use allows the supervisor to control huge site regions by sitting in one spot. They can likewise be utilized for material inventory to the sites.

The Prospect of Civil Engineering

The upshot of Civil Engineering will take on the bothersome headways above, from vertical farming to Drones. By and large, there will be one primary objective the area takes a stab at — sustainability. The push for harmless to the ecosystem living has turned into a worldwide development, and Civil Engineers will lay the foundation for overall green initiatives.

Perspective of Government Jobs in Cyber security in India

Although technological improvements have been good for the human species, they have also put the planet as a whole, as well as the digital environment and the world of the Internet, in jeopardy. However, there is a modern solution to every modern problem, and cybersecurity is the answer to the dangers posed by threats and attacks that take place in the digital sphere. As a result, careers in cybersecurity are in high demand, and companies and organisations all over the world are looking to hire cyber professionals to protect their data and maintain the integrity of their computer networks. If you are thinking about pursuing a career in cybersecurity and are curious about the prospects of working in the public sector in India, you will be pleased to learn that working for the government provides a variety of rights and advantages that are not available in other fields of business. Let’s have a look at the potential for obtaining a job in the government sector of cyber security in India, whether you’ve already obtained a certification in the field and are looking to work in India or you’ve just graduated college and are looking for your first job.

Why Should You Choose a Career in Cybersecurity?

Technology is becoming increasingly complicated as a result of an increase in the number of data breaches and hacking attempts by hackers targeting both large and small enterprises. Because of the surge in instances of cybercrime, jobs in the field of cybersecurity are in higher demand than they have ever been before, and there are positions available in the public sector, the private sector, and the government. It is possible for a career in information security to be challenging as well as rewarding. It also comes with the expectation of a bigger income when compared to other IT occupations of the same level. The skills gap, in which there are more opportunities available than there are cyber specialists to fill them, is undoubtedly one of the most attractive reasons to seek a career in cybersecurity. There are more roles available than there are cyber specialists to fill them. What exactly does this imply for you, as an individual? It indicates that you are free to select the employer that you prefer to work for.

Jobs in the government sector of cyber security

Not only does the government of India recognise that the issue of cybercrime is a big worry for its many departments, but it is also confronted with the problem of protecting the nation from the various dangers and harmful actions that are now in the area. The safety and honour of a nation are of the utmost importance, and it is a responsibility that cannot be evaded under any circumstances. As a result of the increased technological prowess and ingenuity displayed by cybercriminals and cyberterrorists, it is imperative that every nation employ the services of qualified cybersecurity professionals. Because of data breaches, cyber hacking, and other security concerns, there are thousands of new job openings in government administrations at all levels around the country. These administrations include local, state, and union government. There are many different opportunities available to you within the government if you are thinking about making a career out of cybersecurity. This includes the assurance of a steady income, the opportunity to compete for pay, and the satisfaction of knowing that one is helping to keep the nation safe.

How to get your journey into cyber security off to a good start Employment with the Indian Government

As time has passed, the rate of cybercrime has increased, which has resulted in a shift toward cyber security as a profession. When conducting business online or storing sensitive information, it is necessary to have cyber security professionals protect critical data. Because it is a platform that is shared by all people, cyberspace is available to users located everywhere in the world. The scope of cybersecurity transcends physical locations. Individuals who are interested in pursuing a career in cybersecurity at the federal level will require the appropriate education as well as the relevant abilities. To begin a career in security, the first thing that needs to be done is select the appropriate information technology degree or cyber security training. One other way to hone your abilities and distinguish yourself from the competition is to pursue a certification in the field of cyber security. This will likely make prospective employers more interested in reviewing your resume. Earning a degree in computer science is an excellent way to get started, and it will qualify you for entry-level positions in the cybersecurity field. However, if you want to work for the government, you will need to have some fundamental certifications in cyber security. These certifications can come from companies like Microsoft and ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association), which is primarily concerned with governance and risk management. You may be eligible for roles in the government’s cybersecurity workforce if you hold a bachelor’s or master’s degree in cybersecurity with a concentration in cybersecurity. If you are looking for specialised cybersecurity employment within government organisations, such as a cyber threat analyst, you might be required to have previous experience working in an industry that is comparable to that role. With individuals who are just beginning their careers in the subject of cyber security and who are interested in working for the government in this capacity, the cyber security certification programme is an excellent place to begin.

There are a few important things to keep in mind before entering the government sector of cyber security in India.

In order to be considered for a post in the Indian government’s cybersecurity department, you will need to conduct some sort of research or offer some sort of services and solutions, in addition to meeting with specific government officials from the MHA or security departments. The following step is to make sure that you are aware of any conferences that are linked to security and to network with officials from the government in order to get their attention and collaborate with them. A separate department has been established by the government, and it is supported by the Information Sharing and Analysis Center in addition to the National Security Database and the Indian InfoSec Consortium. Additionally, these divisions would be responsible for the training of cybersecurity specialists within the firm, and in order to receive government approval, all cybersecurity workers will be required to pass a unified cybersecurity exam. Notifications are disseminated whenever the Indian government has a vacancy to fill in the field of cybersecurity, and those applicants who are chosen for further consideration are then educated as part of these government programmes before being employed.

The most in-demand jobs in the field of cyber security in India

One of the primary responsibilities of a Security Architect is to make certain that all security requirements are satisfied. aid and protect the operations of the department’s many business branches. Address concerns regarding the architecture of cybersecurity, the security of information, and the security of systems in the branch. Find out what the safety and protection standards are for the systems and the network. Director of Information Safety and Security Lead groups of system security officers so that you can continue to provide information assurance assistance for the entire department. Conduct risk assessments and investigate potential remedies to existing architectural issues. Communicate and collaborate with cybersecurity professionals from other departments in order to stay abreast of rapidly developing technology and projects. Analyst, both in Program and Security Organizes and compiles research on potential security threats for the benefit of other cybersecurity specialists working in the department. Contributes to the formulation of policy recommendations, as well as the development of defence plans and cost projections. In this role, you will be responsible for preparing briefings for top management at the branch. Choose the appropriate educational path to join the front lines of technology and security in this rapidly expanding business if you are interested in or are tempted by the attractive field.

A BRIEF INVESTIGATION REPORT ON CLOUD COMPUTING AND FOG COMPUTING: THE PANACEA OF ALL LEGACY APPLICATION

Cloud computing makes a dramatic shift in society it not only makes our life simple it also significantly makes our technology more robust and dynamic. At the same time fog computing is another technology it has come into the scenario with cloud. Cloud computing is a delivery on demand computing service. Fog computing at the same time provides decentralized computing architecture. Network related operation is performed in each layer of fog application. Cloud application .Why the fog is getting attention now-a-days the answer is quite interesting as it provides low latency as compared to cloud computing.

The rapid emergence and evolution of cloud technology has the potential to transform the way we consume information technology. It could also provide new opportunities for people.

Cloud-based services are more advantageous for desktop computers as they allow them to run more smoothly and minimize system memory usage. However, they require more boot time and processes to get started. In this digital world where data plays a crucial role in this case response time of fog application is more as compared to clod so it integrates data more quickly as compared to clod.

Cloud computing is a strategy that can be used for free. It is typically used for software applications. This is also ideal for remote workers. So, location awareness is a major phenomenon in cloud so it is only fully supported in fog computing.

Even though we are changing the way we use computers, the existing method of transferring instruments to a portable device is still available.

While we are changing the way we consume media, the existing method of doing so is still available. This is, however, not a requirement for a specific device or a program.

Many social media apps are stored in the cloud. Communication mode of fog computing is quite broad as compared to cloud computing. Fog not only rely only on IP network it can communicate with Zigbee,3G,4G etc.

It increases data reliability. For Example, “Unlike desktop computing, in which a hard disk crash can destroy personal data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of data”

As we know that cloud is providing on demand access to each user so it is considered as one of the emerging applications now a days. It can overcome the scarcity of resource by mode of virtualization. It can penetrate to every sector to make omni presence from healthcare, education, corporate and govt administration. It is one of the innovative applications that can potentially deploy with machine learning, blockchain and artificial intelligence. It is the backbone of agile application as we know that it can fasten idea of several business activity to maintain ease of access. Likewise, it can scale up and down demand as per business need of any organization. Now the question arises why it is widely adopted among the mass because it is spreading the saga of easy and cheap usage of application. So, any emerging company will not concentrate over setting new infrastructure rather than it can use the concept of virtualization. Clod computing is unable to provide time sensitive critical data analysis, but Fog makes it more responsive and robust. Network core of cloud computing is stronger as compared to fog computing. Unfortunately, cloud has some limitation that is bandwidth, latency and security.

Conclusion

Fog computing mitigates these cons in a very efficient way. Cloudlet strategy is supported with fog which is useful for resource intensive application. Fog application is span across millions of nodes. Fog is more secure than cloud due to its distributed architecture. The make potential changes in legacy application company use cloud as well as fog application to make it more References

[1] https://www.salesforce.com/in/learning-centre/tech/cloudcomputing/

[2] https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/