monojit, Author at Adamas University

Career Prospects of B.Ed. in Post-pandemic Era

In the new normal, the whole educational system has been changed to some extent everywhere. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, all the schools from primary to secondary level used to focus on traditional face-to-face teaching-learning processes. But in the post-pandemic, almost all the schools, from rural to urban, from state boards to ICSE boards, from neighbourhood to international schools, from day schools to boarding schools, adopted the online teaching-learning tools for curriculum transaction.

From the last census to now, the population increased manifolds. Hence, there is a need for trained teachers has been realized massively across the nation. In addition, after B.Ed., passionate teachers became reflective and humane teachers who are in tremendous demand to meet the needs of young aspiring minds. B.Ed. degree provides the opportunity to transform the intellects into thoughtful teachers.

Are you qualified to be a teacher and hold the B.Ed. degree? If yes, then here are your alternatives to lead your professional career after a B.Ed. in Kolkata or anywhere else.

Let’s talk about the options in the professional career after B.Ed.

B.Ed. programme is an undergraduate course anyone can do after graduation in their various disciplines. Basically, it is a pre-service teacher training programme for becoming secondary school teachers approved by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE). Though, some states also allow B.Ed. as an essential qualification in the recruitment of primary school teachers.

The scope of B.Ed. is trending everywhere as few state governments merged Basic Training Certificate (BTC) with B.Ed. Hence, aspiring teachers are pursuing B.Ed. because of increased opportunities in the teaching field. For example, after B.Ed., one can be eligible for a teacher at the primary, upper primary, and secondary school levels. Apart from this, B.Ed. degree holders may flourish their careers as academic counsellors, educational administrators, educational researchers, content writers, and entrepreneurs.

If any B.Ed. degree holder wants to pursue their career further in teacher education; then they might have postgraduate and doctoral programmes. Here, some of the courses offered by the teacher training institutions/universities are given as follows:

Master of Education (M.Ed.) or Master of Arts (M.A.) in Education:

If someone wants to make a career in further teacher education after B.Ed., then the available option is to move ahead with postgraduation like M.Ed. or M.A. in education. Students can be enrolled in these programmes offered by almost all the universities throughout the country. After completing M.Ed./M.A., students will be eligible for postgraduate teachers (PGT) in higher secondary schools and colleges. It is also helpful in becoming the Principal of Senior secondary schools. After M.Ed. or M.A. in education, one can appear in National Eligibility Test (NET) or State Level Eligibility Test (SLET), which is the minimum essential qualification for entry-level posts in teacher education. As per the NCTE and UGC norms, only NET qualified candidates will be screened out as eligible to become Assistant Professors in education.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Education:

In continuation, after M.Ed. or M.A. in education, students can go for doctorate programmes available to touch the zenith in education and open up new avenues in their professional career. Generally, Ph.D. is considered a higher academic degree; however, after Ph.D. one can also pursue post-doctoralprogrammes and Doctor of Literature (D.Lit.)/Doctor of Science (D.Sc.). As per the National Education Policy (2020), Ph.D. will be mandatory for Assistant Professorship in higher education.

Some of the lucrative job opportunities after B.Ed. under the government of India spectrum:
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV)
Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV)
Army Schools
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)
Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS)

Leading private international schools affiliated with CBSE, ICSE and other state-run boards:
Dhirubhai Ambani International School
Manav Rachna International School
Doon School
Scindia School
Ecole Mondiale World School
Woodstock School
Mercedes Benz International School

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, a considerable decrease was reported in the class size, which is alarming for school education. The situation required a reservoir of committed and trained teachers to restore normalcy. B.Ed. degree holders can be the game-changer in the post-pandemic era of teacher education. To sum up, with a B.Ed. degree on can become a Secondary School Teacher, Principal, Counselor, Home Tutor, Online Tutor, and Entrepreneur.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AS AN IMPORTANT CAREER AVENUE IN POST PANDEMIC ERA

It is the year 2019, an unknown Virus peeped into the planet of human which ultimately seems to be an epidemic and becomes the rationale for large life takers. The aftermath of this Virus devastation ruined our globe`s varied facets like livelihood, health, working conditions, and more resulting in global crisis. The planet moves into a trance of death. The massive and super-fast spread of novel Corona Virus disease (COVID–19) pushes the globe into an identical state that cherish the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Cities till date i.e. sufferings from the poison of nuclear destructive effects on the mankind in multitudinous ways. From its first reported case the amount of confirmed cases has grown at an exponential interest rate and continues to rise till date. Lockdown and social distancing are standing out as cure-all in these hard-hitting times. It’s also pushed the economy of the globe at stake. The pandemic outbreak resulted in an exceedingly drastic shift of the current working conditions, norms and arrangements, and lots of employees are directed to figure from home and maximum workers even lost their jobs too. The foremost sufferers were the daily waged workers and social class families. Not only that, even the scholars were at major loss. Their educational base grounds were forced to be distorted. the rationale behind for that’s that, Online Teaching becomes the new normal and therefore the students who were previously been taught in face to face mode of interaction were been taught now in a very mode which is initially a discomfort to them as not everyone is tech-savvy and nobody is fast and good learner. However, as a result they face adjusmental issues and orientational concerns. At this time of crisis period, the Guidance and Counselling Professionals are like Silver Linings. The professionals who provides Guidance are termed as Guidance Provider and also the professionals who provides Counselling are termed as Counsellor. Guidance and Counselling are the dual concepts and they’re not synonymous. Guidance is guiding within the educational context whereas Counselling is specialized service of guidance. As Counselling may be a specialized form of Guidance, thus Counselling is simpler an efficient in solving typical personalised issues. Before we move in to details, allow us to first understand the two etymological terminologies. Guidance could be a process of helping every individual, through his/her own effort to find and develop his/her potentialities for his or her own personal happiness and social usefulness. Counselling is basically a process within which the counsellor assists the counselee to create interpretations of facts regarding a choice, plan or adjustment which he must make.

Guidance and Counselling showcases assistance in several domains which are as follows: 1) Adjustmental Domain: It help the individuals in making the most effective possible adjustment to this situation in any settings. It enables them to simply accept the items which they cannot change in life and differentiate what they will change and can’t change in life. 2) Orientation Domain: It helps in orienting the individuals within the problem of designing, programming and directing towards long run aims, objectives and values. 3) Developmental Domain: it’s concerned with helping the people to attain self-development and self-realization and in developing self-concept too. Therefore, from this we are able to conclude that, Guidance and Counselling isn’t only helps in educational concerns

but also different personalised issues and concerns too like as follows:

Guidance & counselling for privateneeds and problems
Guidance & counselling for physical, emotional, social, moral & marital problems
Guidance & counselling for career advancement
Guidance & counselling for educational needs and problems
Guidance & counselling for vocational, occupational and professional needs
Guidance & counselling for holistic individual development
Guidance & counselling for situational problems.

If we focus into the sphere of Counselling especially, because it is that the specialized variety of Guidance, the subsequent Career Avenues are there which addresses the above points:

Career Counsellors: Counsellors who work with people of all ages for vocational and career counselling are called Career Counsellors.
School Counsellors: School Counsellors deals with adjustmental and achievemental concerns of school going
Family Counsellors: Family Counsellors deals serious concerns i.e. behavioural and relations especially with relation to family, relatives and its members or generations.
Marital Counsellors: Marriage Counsellors deals with different issues or problems associated withmarriage i.e. it’s going to be pre and post marriage in domains like personal compatibility and relationships etc.
Counsellors for Child Guidance: Counsellors who work with children especially and guide them are called child guidance counsellors.
Life Skills Trainer: Nowadaysmany folks may have providing assistance within the course of daily life on account of stress reception or the workplace. They taught us, guides us about the Life Skills thus are called as Life Skill Trainer. For example, a well-adjusted younker might want to become proactive to optimise his or her potential. Other than this, Life Skill Trainer makes a candidate ready for facing interviews whether it’s going to be of Job or Educational Admissions etc.

With the outbreak of the Pandemic, not only students but also the entire community goes through the tough times of stress and thus it adversely affects the mental state of each individual. It’s so because as we all know that, this Pandemic, Lock down pushed the humankind towards unemployment, food crisis, job downsizing, Economic downfall and Financial crisis which results in reporting of increased rate of several Suicidal Cases which isn’t in the slightest degree accepted and is simply inhumane. These above mentioned Career Avenues of the Guidance and Counselling helps the people in general wherever and whenever required to beat their distress. Not only during the Pandemic time but also in Post Pandemic period Career Avenues of the Guidance and Counselling proved to be the life saver for several.The above mentioned diversified Counsellors helped the individuals in guiding as well as counselling with all possible solutions through different specialised dedicated sessions in either individually or in group whichever is most appropriately applicable to help everyone to life happily and peacefully with full harmony as that is the fundamental right of every individual human being. Therefore, in near future too those who are willing to choose different Career Avenues of the Guidance and Counselling will be doing a noble work of life saver and they would be always value as the most important in the society and thus the career prospects in this particular field is very demanding and essentially required.

Holistic Synthesis of Geography and Education- Career Panorama after Post Pandemic days

Covid 19 came as curse on Human Being. We faced different situations during these periods death, fear, helplessness, job insecurity, occupational harassment, money crisis etc. After two years we claimed that now more or less we are in a stable condition. So now it is the time to focus in your career.

The holistic education is educating the whole person, beyond core academics. A lot of firm are understanding that students need more than a strong foundation in a core curriculum, they also need to be supported by a society. Holism is an important concept in the area of sciences and social sciences. Everyone learns differently and this is why one need to acquaint herself/himself with the various types of learning. A multimodal child tends to have two or more active learning preferences. Children are very flexible; they can quickly switch one learning style to another to adopt the learning situation. Governments and school officials set the tone for whether learning environments will focus on academic-centric or holistic learning concepts. Teachers play the pivoting role in enacting learning policies, they have the greatest opportunity to help students to discover their identities and find meaning in community and world connections through holistic teaching methods. Teachers can identify how holistic learning and other teaching strategies can shape pupil’s future.

Travel writers create content for blogs, journals, newspapers and other publication about topics related to travel. Travel bloggers may write about a specific region or they may travel to different countries and continents in order to write about these locations.
Librarians collect and categorize library resources according to a structured system. They must have the subject idea so that they can answer questions to the readers, locate information and issue books and other resources to students.
An Environmental Educationist conducts research to prevent or eliminate dangers to the environment or public health, like air or water pollution. They develop plans and work with policymakers to pass law &legislation that can keep the society and environment safe.
Environmental consultants work with companies to provide advice about their contribution to environmental issues. Environmental consultants may also give suggestions to companies on how to handle environmental disasters.
Geography and Educationare interdisciplinary field. Depending on their area of specialization, students may be employed as forest managers or in agricultural or economic institutes or as Demographers in government and research organizations. State and local governments employ them on planning and development commissions.
They also join in NGOs and other developmental agencies engaged in population studies, rural development and environmental issues. Students can get job related to urban planning, transportation planning, travel/tourism planning, solid-waste disposal systems, emergency services and social services etc.
Those with masters and Ph.D. degree can choose the field of teaching.Teachers make ready their students for the future. Their subject matter depends on the age they are instructing, until specialty courses taught in higher education.
Students can opt for Travel Journalism. Text book and map publishers, manufacturing firms, real estate developers and insurance, communication and transportation companies employ them.
Students open up Social media account to give assistance in competitive examinations and general knowledge papers.
Some teachers who are looking for an opportunity for growth within their school community can pursue an advanced degree to become an educational administrator. Potential job options for an education administrator include principal, vice principal or dean, and can extend into vast areas of advanced curriculum planning, professional development, and instructional guidance for other teachers.
School counsellors help students socially, academically and emotionally, as well as guide them along their path to college or into the workforce. As a school counsellor, you’ll play a key role in students’ development and help them to reach their full potential outside of school. A school counsellor’s job responsibilities include listening to the concerns of a student in an academic and emotional sense, aide students in processing problems, creating plans to solve issues, and assist with higher educational institutions or employment prospects to help a pupil succeed in life.
A school social worker is an important part of the education system in that they help behaviour issues within students and ultimately aid in their educational success. According to government data, there is a growing need for social workers.
There are many families where there are requirement of assistance of child care while others need support to pay for childcare. Many families who undergo problems with emotional crises, health, etc., require assistance from support specialists. There are other places where one can get chance to work after completing the early childhood care education course. While taking up the course one can explore the prospects in a better way.
Emergency planners play a key role in planning and responding to threats to public safety. Emergency planners can help people prepare for natural disasters and global epidemics.
Catastrophe modellers, are responsible for using data and computer calculations to help insurance companies assess how much they stand to lose in the event of a natural disaster. If any one good with numbers and enjoy working under pressure, this could be the career for you.

Like these there are many career prospects in these field. If you explore you can find many more opportunities. So from now set your goal to get success in your career. All the best for your future endeavour!!!

Software Used in Pharmacy

The modern era is an era of computer and technology. The technological advancements require computer skills to be utilized in Pharmacy and for appreciable outcomes. Various tasks are performed by pharmacists with the use of computers including critical tasks of patient care. The computer software use is increasing with time, and the importance of computer acquiring skills is prominent from the curricular guidelines of the pharmacy students across the globe. A variety of computer programs are available for teaching pharmacy subjects to students which not only improve learning and overall study outcomes.

PHARMACEUTICS

Pharmaceutics deals with the process of turning an old drugs or a new chemical entity into a dosage form to be used effectively and safely by patients. Pharmaceutics study requires various procedures involved in the conversion of chemical substance to a dosage form. The software like Modes Lab Dragon and HyperChem have helped to provide cross comparison of experimental and calculated values of partition coefficients of ionized form of drug substance. Also, the DDSolver software has been used to perform in vitro and in vivo drug release in the immediate release and extended release dosage forms. This software can perform multi task operations including Ratio Test, f1 and f2 factor calculation, Confidence Interval, Rescigno Indexes, and various others methods.

PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacology is defined as the branch in science concerned with the effects of living organisms with the drugs (pharmacokinetics) and the effects of the drugs on living organisms (pharmacodynamics). The Property Calculator software help student predict likeness of Drug using “Lipinsiki Rule of 5”. It provides comprehensive knowledge of drug design. HyperChem software is helpful in providing understanding of toxicological and pharmacological profiles of drug substances at molecular level. Software like Win Nonlin can determine pharmacokinetic parameters. PK/PD computer simulations software can be used as an alternative to pre-built PK/PD complex models. CAL software demonstrates action of drugs on living tissues. In research study, the software has been used to demonstrate an effective method of teaching practical aspects of Pharmacology. Similarly, PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software can predict activities of drug substances. The program elucidates the unknown therapeutic mechanisms of drug substances.

PHARMACOGNOSY

Pharmacognosy is a discipline, which involves scientific and systematic study of physical, chemical, and biological characters of crude drugs along with their method of cultivation, preparation, and collection. The automated computer software INVDOCK is used to identify potential therapeutic and toxicity protein targets of several bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants. The SELNERGY software is used to identify putative binding biological targets. Dry Lab G is widely used software for optimization of RP-HPLC for separating extracts as required.

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

The pharmaceutical industry develops, discovers, produces, and markets pharmaceutical drugs for medicinal use. The ATLAS software is available for combining two techniques such as that used in sequential determination of Aspirin and Vitamin C using laser induced phytochemical silver substrate synthesis in a moving flow cell. FCAD (Formulation Computer Aided Design) software is used to develop and test tablet formulations and silico capsule. Such software including ACD/ Auto Chrom based on QbD principles. These programs utilize artificial intelligence for rapid identification of mobile phase and stationary phase which help save effort and time. The DryLab programming tools allow rapid calculations of chromatograms and present peak movements with slight variation in pH of eluent.

HOSPITAL PHARMACY

A pharmacist plays a critical role in hospital setting. Analyzing drug interactions by pharmacists is important. Micromedex software is used for screening drug interactions in patients. Medical reference and information system providing access to database through computer-based software, which are capable of analyzing medications prescribed by physicians. Six Sigma is an effective processing program for inventory analysis.

CLINICAL PHARMACY

The pharmacists trained in Clinical pharmacy are aimed to provide patient care that optimizes the use of medications promotes health care, wellness, and disease prevention. This is done in collaboration with physicians and other health care professionals. A variety of tasks are performed underuse of computer software including prescription monitoring, medical errors, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic drug level monitoring etc. Decision Analysis Tree Age software is used in a complex procedure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts transfer for treatment methodology for infections.

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Drug discovery is major part of Medicinal Chemistry. The search for new drug molecule is complex and time consuming. The newer applications of various software have reformed the drug discovery process through their use in detecting drug target interactions and QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships) studies, energy minimization and docking studies in drug design. These include software like APIS JAVA, PKUDDS, PBPK/PD modeling software, Perl and Phyton, CADD software libraries. Drug Guru software program is used for transformational changes in the chemical structure on the basis of rules of thumb from historical lore of drug discovery programs. The produced analogs could be evaluated for synthesis in future. The KPP software is used for computer simulation of chemical kinetic systems. It allows development of kinetic schemes for chemical moieties and numerical integration methods. The PaDEL Descriptor software is used for the purpose of calculating molecular fingerprints and descriptors.

Conclusion

The use of computer software in virtually all areas of Pharmaceutical Sciences has come out to be an effective tool for pharmaceutical research and development to improve efficiency and productivity in all areas related to drug discovery and development. At Adamas University, we inculcated the use of computer software in the regular curriculum of pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry. Our students are exposed to perform various studies by utilizing these softwares in accordance with curriculum requirements. Our professors help the students to explore and learn these software tools for their academics and research purpose. At the end of their courses, the students are well equipped with computational skills to grab the various job and research opportunities in the pharmacy domain.

KNOW YOUR LAW COURSE

In general people think that studying law will only lead to advocacy or judicial service but in recent past there is a huge rise in various career opportunities in legal fields. The legal world is climbing to its spire with an interesting bunch of students. The field of IPR, writing legal blogs, even start ups in legal area is now becoming quite popular among lawyers. Various new laws like Competition Act of 2002, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Act, 2001 are emerging and these new courses are incorporated in Adamas University under B.A/BBA/B.SC LLB courses. These burgeoning areas creates interests among law students. New fields like cyber security, Intellectual Property laws, health laws are also included under legal course which opens up new avenues. Due to many technological invasions the need of Media law also increasing and it is also added under law course of Adamas University. There are many new areas other than practising in courts or working in a firm which the young lawyers can explore to level up in their law career.

New subjects like Venture Ideation, Design thinking are also introduced to the course so that student can think about their own firm rather than opting for a 9 to 5 one. Many law students are attracted to corporate opportunities so proper internship guidance also required. School of Law and Justice of Adamas University aims to make law an efficient instrument for social benefit. It also encourages students and research scholars to contribute in the research for social benefit. Law students not only learn law through their courses but also learn how to apply it for the benefit of the nation. Legal learning at Adamas University not confined into text books, innovative and experimental learning also encouraged here. Diverse programmes like Workshops, Seminars, Moot Court Competitions are very regular in Adamas University which encourage the students to participate and enhance their speaking ability. ‘The mentor-mentee’ program focuses on the holistic development of each and every student. Rolling internships with reputes Lawyers and law firms help the students to be accustomed in professional fields. Adamas University encourages co-curricular activities. Value added courses and Judicial Service Trainings are extra facilities provided by School of Law and Justice of Adamas University. The modes of assessments like projects, presentations, moot court and role play are also introduced to encourage maximum participation of students. School of Law and Justice of Adamas University always wants to encourage students to chose diverse professions as well as train them with all emerging legal issues. The framework of law course is wide enough to cover all possible law papers along with practical trainings like judiciary, moot court etc. The core value of School of Law and Justice of Adamas University is to prepare a law student to participate in social developments, responding in legal challenges and contribute to the justice system.

Legal Research: A less-travelled Contour

Synopsis:

Introduction
Importance of Legal Education
Legal Research Vis-à-vis Legal Education
Legal Research from Career Perspective in the times of a Rush Success
Why one should opt for Legal Education here at Adamas?
References

Introduction:

Being a small town girl, I have always encountered situations and people who conveniently question the importance of higher education. In legal education, “Why do you need to study after LLB?” Practice is much more important than higher studies. After completion of LLB, u can always go to Court or prepare for Judiciary. Judiciary, Legal Practice and Advocacy, no doubt is the most and Judiciary, but isn’t research the bridge which helps in settling the gap between the social demands and well-settled legal principle.

Importance of Legal Education:

Legal education as is rightly said to be professional education equips a legal practitioner in fulfilling varied roles in discharge of social justice. The contour of legal profession is certainly undeniable in present times, which touches the demand of contemporary democratic nation. It consists of the policy makers, academician, market regulators and such other allied opportunities. Taking all these factors in mind, it is gradually comprehended that legal education deserves a better and wider space.

The quality of legal education has been a long standing concern of the regulatory bodies, i.e., UGC, the University Grants Commission and BCI, the Bar Council of India. Gradual attempts of setting quality standards for accreditation & curriculum and providing funding for legal education institutions have proven to be perfect attempt towards quality legal education. However, the recent challenges of legal education system have been deduced to be lack of practical training and exposure, inadequate research infrastructure and lack of focus on the quality demands and check of the legal profession.

Legal Research Vis-à-vis Legal Education:

Legal research is basically an inter-disciplinary field which studies law from societal perspective. It focuses on the relationship between law and society and the degree up to which the current legal systems moulds the social, economic, and cultural factors. In recent times, law schools have recognized the significance of socio-legal research in understanding the intricate network of the complexity of law and society. This encourages critical thinking and strives to dig deeper into the national legal system and deduce its impact on individual and communities. At the juncture of this liberal-cultural change, wherein the society is accepting new boundaries & perspective and removing taboos, socio-legal research has proved to add valuable insights into the functioning of the legal system and its impact on society.

Legal Research from Career Perspective in the times of a Rush Success:

Academic value of the legal profession is still a question of credibility. As previously cited, the credibility of higher education in legal stream is still in question. A few days ago friend of a relative of mine conveniently suggested me to give the SSC examination and try to be qualified as a high school teacher and that has a tag of “government employee”. But, it was very difficult for me to explain that I have invested almost 9 years of my brief in legal education, since I started my Graduation. Even if someone shows me the greed of being a governmental employee, it would be very difficult, or rather quiet impossible for me to leave being a teacher of law and teach something else. This is how the society impacts an individual. To make people aware about the true position of law in a developing nation and to achieve true status of equality, democracy, sovereign and justice is a difficult task. Research helps to shape legal reforms and provide a drive for social change. Research on access to justice, discrimination, and human rights is a very sensitive approach which can support legal reforms and inadvertently promote social justice and equality. As a one liner, I would always recommend, research is that weapon which bridges in settling the gap between the social demands and well-settled legal principle.

Why one should opt for Legal Education here at Adamas?

Our Respected Chancellor Sir along with his Team has rightly termed the Community as “Adamas”. Most of us might not know that the word ‘diamond’ comes from the Greek Word “Adamas” meaning unconquerable and indestructible. Here, at Adamas we strive to make students come out with flying colors, just like a polished Diamond gets displayed at a store. The School of Law and Justice, very recently has made their deserving space under the banner of the Indian Institutional Ranking Framework (IIRF) Ranking 2023, as the No. 1 Private Law Institutions in West Bengal and 27^th within the contours of India. And we consistently try to maintain the respect which has been awarded with prestige and additional responsibility of maintaining the standard. Through our academic journey, our students are fully engaged into research activities at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The students are engaged with moot problems which help them to inculcate a critical thinking behavior right from the first year under UG degrees. Further research project, tasks, research assignments and dissertation are incorporated within the curriculum to integrate a research culture and encourage students to understand the wide contours of vast legal knowledge.

References:

Prof (Dr.) Gaurav Kataria, Professor & Head of Department, School of Law, LPU, Rajsam and, Rajasthan, India Significance of Socio-legal Research in Law, Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/significance-socio-legal-research-law-schools-kataria-trk=articles_directory, last visited on 04.04.2023.
Quality of Legal Education in India: All you need to know, Available at https://www.clearias.com/quality-of-legal-education-in-india/#:~:text=Facilitating%20economic%20and%20social%20development,in%20creating%20laws%20and%20policies, last visited on 04.04.2023.

Life is associated with livelihood

To sustain a life an option of one of the innumerable, ostensible means of livelihood is unavoidably necessary, although means of livelihood does not always justify the ends of life. No means of livelihood is undignified or inglorious. Sometimes some means of livelihood because of their very nature is used to evoke a sense of respect and reverence to those who had the same means of livelihood; For example, teachers, lawyers, and doctors have been in high esteem, since time immemorial. Even before independence the career of a lawyer was preferable to that of a doctor. The Constitution of India has guaranteed fundamental right to practise or to carry on any profession or occupation, trade or business. Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India does not, however, prevent the state from making any law relating to the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession.

It is for this reason, the Advocates Act was enacted in 1961 to control and regulate the activities of the legal professionals. This Act also prescribed law graduation as the minimum qualification for taking up legal profession. Planned economy, industrialisation, urbanisation and above all advancement of science and technology had opened up multifarious and avenues of employment to the law graduate apart from taking up independent legal practise. It is also for this reason there has been a growing craze for studying law. Where there has been a sharp decline in the prospect of employment in the engineering sector, there has been noticeable boom in the field of legal education. It is because of the fact that a law graduate, even if does not find any employment may eke out his livelihood by doing legal practise. As regards career building after LLB one may become a legal advisor or may join law firms, private companies, corporate bodies, and other financial institutions. One may provide advice on various matters or may use one’s legal expertise in various activities of non- government organisations. The scope of law is not only limited to handling civil and criminal disputes, there are various career options available in the field of corporate lawyers, litigators, legal advisors and law firm partners. Law graduates may also find employment in various courts of law and tribunals. The importance of Law is that people know what they can and cannot do. Without law society would be disorganised. The study of Law is in some respect no different to other academic disciplines, in that it is intellectually challenging and very reviting. Moreover, with the establishment of law universities and law colleges, persons with higher law degrees may opt for the profession of academicians. Henceforth, it can be said that most Universities Law School now offers extensive Post Graduate Research Degrees that can assist Lawyers wishing to continue learning and developing ace. With the setting up of a different tribunal as per the provision of Article 323Aand 323B of the Constitution of India fora under Consumer Protection Act and introduction of new system of Arbitration as per International Protocol of Arbitration and Conciliation Act ,1996 the scope of activities of the persons with legal education has been widened in a get extent.

TERROR OF LAWS: IMPACT OF ANTI-TERRORISM LAWS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Since India’s independence in 1947, it has had security laws in place that are purportedly concerned with activities that represent larger, more lasting risks to ordinary life than, say, petty criminality. These laws are aimed at protecting the public against and punishing those who promote or engage in terrorist activity, organised crime, separatism, and other forms of damage to society. Many Indian states have their own regulations that regulate comparable dangers, which work in tandem with federal rules. These safety laws are complementary to India’s generally great and procedural criminal codes. Proponents of such legislation in government say that standard criminal law is inadequate to cope with certain threats and that a more targeted response is necessary. This overt reaction is similarly amplified, providing the law and order apparatus with greater muscle than is permitted by standard criminal law. This appeal has its roots in the specifics of the Indian environment, but it has relevance outside India as well, particularly at the start of a century in which the United Nations Security Council urged its members to oversee anti-terrorist regulations. India is one of the longest-standing constitutional democracies in the developing world. The majority of legal and judicial systems in South Asia mainly rely on Indian precedent. The lessons we can learn from India’s experience with security laws about the weaknesses of other postcolonial, developing democracies and how to fortify against those weaknesses when drafting anti-terrorist legislation are clear.

The Indian protection laws’ current procedures for government accountability are weak and retroactive file criminal charges against government personnel who were working under security authorities, the charges must be explicitly sanctioned by the country’s governing bodies and cannot be advanced with the support of victims of rights abuses. Although the finest court may do exceptional things via its corrective and preventative judicial review powers, the public seldom has access to them. Few people can afford to take their cases to the highest court in New Delhi or the highest court in any Indian state capital, where delays are the norm due to the payment of criminal fees. Since positive middle safety protections have recurred in several generations of Indian legislation, any reform of the country’s protection laws, whether they are substantive or procedural, would be difficult to enact. However, it will be easier to garner support for changes that moderate government authority than for those that completely remove it. Once such changes are codified into law, they have a good chance of being widely adopted. Despite the Supreme Court’s ability to show deference to the government, the court has shown in the past that it is very hesitant to relinquish control over matters pertaining to national security. The court has not heard any arguments from the government that may have removed its jurisdiction over specific executive powers while considering security laws. It is likely that the legislature will want to keep reviewing and monitoring capabilities for itself due to the inherent political competitiveness in a democratic election system. Once such authorities are in place, opposing political parties are not likely to support changes that reduce their power, even if they are ambivalent about laws that restrict individual liberties. The complex, rights-limiting functions will not be delayed by incorporating checks and balances at the granular level into protection legislation. However, this will reduce the likelihood that they will be used to enable violations of human rights. An oxymoron, India’s protection laws are paradoxical in the worst way. They create exceptional legislation and place broad constraints on rights, yet are so ingrained as to be, in all practical respects, the norm. These laws leave individuals open to abuse because they establish precedents for evading constitutional checks and balances. The central government has become excessively strong since its far-reaching powers under safety regulations have increased over time while other agencies have declined. Moreover, governments may easily brush off non-kingdom opponents of national security, regardless of how well-argued their points may be, by citing the latter’s alleged inability to comprehend classified material or calling into question the former’s patriotism. I fear that the legislative and judicial changes I have advocated may upset this precarious balance. The people will be forced to deliberate and the government will be encouraged to make well-informed decisions if checks and balances are built into the use of safety authorities. That would be a blow to the trend of reducing constitutional restraints, which has let Indian safety laws double as licences to abuse.

Role of Optometrist in eradicating blindness in India

Blindness and Visual Impairment are the major social issues which can set back a country’s development and cause major hindrance in our society development process. Cataract and refractive error are the major causes of blindness in our society and early detection and proper treatment of both this condition (surgical and optical) can help patients to get back their vision lost by these conditions.

National Program for Control of Blindness launched by Govt of India to stop a patient to go unnecessary blind has emphasized to undergo timely cataract operation services and distributing free glasses to people in need to stop a person form going visually handicapped. Although the number of patient going blind due to cataract has gone down in the past few decades but still it remains one of the important causes of blindness in our society. Uncorrected Refractive Error remains the second most important causes for blindness in India as there are lack of qualified optometrist to screen, diagnose and identify the reasons of not wearing spectacles among young school going children.

Optometrist are primary eye health care professional who diagnose and treat different refractive error and prescribe glasses specially to young school children who are in need of spectacle , as we all know that major vision develops happens until the age of 6 years , so if a child is not wearing his prescription in the first 6 year his vision development will not be complete and it could cause severe problem in visual system which can cause severe hindrance in his/her academic and personal career. Glasses are also an important optical device to give 100 percent vision after cataract surgery and optometrist are specialized to prescribe and dispense spectacle in all age group in both rural and urban population.

There are only 42,000 primary eye care professional out of population of 140 corer population, definitely is not enough to screen entire population of all age groups, so in India there is huge demand of optometrist both in private and government sector in upcoming years and decade to give quality eye care services who are in need of it.

Optometry has several branches which provide various eye health care facilities to various section of our society for providing quality eye care services and eradicating blindness in our society.

Correction of Refractive Error and Dispensing Spectacle: Optometrist not only prescribe glasses but they also take a call to dispense right choice of spectacle and glasses to right prescription as it is directly related to compliance of spectacle wearing, if a child or an adult doesn’t like his or her spectacle he will never wear it as a reason the patient will drop out form wearing spectacles and it will lead to severe problem in vision development.
Contact Lenses: Optometrist are not only primary eye health care professional but they contribute a lot in tertiary eye care services as they are trained to evaluate fit and fitting evaluation and dispensing contact lenses for patient who need it for diagnostic and medical treatment. Contact Lenses are also considered as an optical devices other than spectacles to correct refractive error as people who are not comfortable with glasses they can be motivated to use contact lenses to correct their refractive error and who else than optometrist can suggest a best solution for contact lenses in terms of contact lens material, types of uses and precautions which need to take while wearing and removing the lenses.
Orthoptics: Optometrist are the primary eye health care professionals who takes care of the squint and eye movement anomalies with the help of therapy which is often known as vision therapy through which different types of latent and manifest squint can be corrected and this treatment and therapy prescription is known as orthoptics. There are many types of squint one major reasons of squint is uncorrected refractive error, if a child is not wearing his/her prescription for longer period of time specially during the critical period of vision development there is high chance of developing squint and it can be corrected by continuous wearing of spectacles and vision therapy treatment.
Low Vision: Low Vision patients are those who after rigorous medical and surgical treatment their vision cannot be restored to normal vision, these patients need special attention through various optical and non-optical intervention these treatment procedure is often described as low vision treatment and rehabilitation. Optometrist being the primary eye health care professional can treat this patient and can stop this patients form going to complete blind.
Ocular Diagnostics: Optometrist takes a vital role in tertiary care eye institute specially in the field of ocular diagnosis and instrument work up, specially diagnosing ocular disorders like glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy. They are responsible for handling highly sophisticated instruments like Optical Coherence Tomography and Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer.

Thus in this article we have learned the role of optometrist in different spectra of eye care industry and their special role in eradicating blindness form our society.

Pharmacy: A Gateway to Plethora of Opportunities

Pharmacy is a rewarding professional path with a wide range of career opportunities. In India, the pharmacy sector is enormous and was estimated to be worth $55 billion in 2020 with a CAGR of 22.4%. With such an attractive number, admission into B Pharmacy course offers successful and lucrative career opportunity. The degree programme lasts four years and consists of eight semesters.

These are five reasons to enroll into a B pharmacy programme.

You Wish to Deal with Patients

After getting your B Pharmacy degree, you will have a variety of employment options. However, the majority of the individuals around you will be patients. You can work as a chemist in ambulatory, inpatient, and community healthcare settings, among others. A chemist can do so many various and varied duties, and they frequently operate in environments where humans are involved.

As a chemist, you would offer more services in addition to supplying medications. Asthma care, cholesterol testing, blood pressure monitoring, advice on quitting smoking, diabetes disease management, bone density scans, and other services are all provided by pharmacists.

You enjoy helping others

Although it may not seem visible, pharmacists helps patients in feeling better. The finest people who help patients to feel better are pharmacists, who specialize in drugs.

Moreover, pharmacists are essential in enhancing medication adherence. Pharmacists’ cultural competency, which includes knowledge of customs, language, nutrition, and much more, enables them to assess patients and ensure that they take their medications as directed by their doctor.

You desire a variety of career options

You did read that correctly. A career in pharmacy has variety of opportunities and offers opportunities in patient care, scientific research, product development and entrepreneurship. After successful completion of the B Pharm degree, pharmacists can opt one from a large variety of employment opportunities.

Working at a community or healthcare facility’s retail pharmacy is the most obvious career option for pharmacists. In this capacity, they offer patients counseling together with over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs. They may even perform research, teach at universities and colleges or work in the pharmaceutical sector.

Here is a list of possible occupations after receiving a B.Pharm degree:

Pharmacists in the community, hospital pharmacists, hospice/palliative care providers, the health care administration, and pharmaceutical firms.
Medical Representatives and Production Chemist
Clinical Research, Pharmaceutical Vigilance, Scientific Writing, Medical Scripting, and Regulatory Affairs
Pharmacy, MBA, Law, Patent Agent; further education
After B Pharm, pharmacists can assume the afore mentioned positions before transitioning into important leadership positions in various facets of the healthcare system.

You Want to Play a Vital Role in the Healthcare Team

All healthcare teams get benefited from the crucial and notable contributions of pharmacists. The outcomes of several researches by pharmacists have consistently demonstrated that they are among the most important members of the healthcare team.

By providing drugs to treat various illnesses, you would play a crucial role in the healthcare system if you opt for a career in pharmacology.

You desire a secure yet adaptable career

A pharmacy bachelor’s degree will enjoy guaranteed steady employment for the duration of your career. With a degree, you might find employment as a chemist with a license anywhere in the nation.

You also get the privilege to set your own business hours. For instance, you can open your pharmacy store open every day of the year. As an alternative, you can choose to work at night shifts or in the emergency department. Since there is a huge need for pharmacists, there is a lot of freedom in this field.

Get B Pharmacy admission to realize your aims if the five factors listed above line up with your objectives. B Pharmacy Admission at School of Medical Sciences (SoMS), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University allows students to pre-enroll before appearing for 12th board. The course is approved by PCI and recognized by UGC. School of Medical Sciences (SOMS), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University has good ranking in India and promises to offer quality education to the students.