sounak, Author at Adamas University

Diploma in Pharmacy: A Lead to Future Pharmacists

“A doctor gives life to the patient through medicine but a pharmacist gives life to medicine through his knowledge and skills.” The above-mentioned quotes rightly explain the importance of pharmaceutical science in the healthcare sector. Pharmacy is the science of preparing and dispensing drugs. Pharmacists are health professionals who create a bridge between health sciences and chemical sciences to give life to medicines. The role of the pharmacist, nowadays, is not restricted to mere traditional roles, such as compounding and dispensing medications. The advances made in pharmaceutical technology in the past few decades has led to a significant scope to include numerous advanced services associated with healthcare like ensuring the safety and efficiency of medicines through medication review, clinical services, drug information services as also employing modern techniques for the manufacture of formulations, designing delivery systems, meeting quality assurance demands and its control. Modern pharmacy professionals are skilled with modern techniques for the manufacturing of formulations, designing of drug delivery systems as well as ensuring the quality assurance of the formulated product.

Keeping in view, the need to generate future pharmacists, the School of Pharmaceutical Technology (SOPT) was established by Adamas University at the Adamas Knowledge City on Barasat-Barrackpore road. SOPT was established with an objective to originate and spread knowledge leading to skilled and trained health care professionals with standards complying with the global requirements. The Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharm) course was introduced in SOPT with an objective to minimize the widening gap between educational curriculum and the knowledge and skills required for health workers in hospitals and health care centres.

Program Highlights:

This two-year undergraduate course provides you with a complete prerequisite to understanding the basic concepts in community pharmacy, drug discovery and drug manufacturing processes, human anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical jurisprudence, pharmacognosy, inorganic and organic chemistry, basics on store management and other core subjects of pharmacy.

D. Pharm will provide the minimum essential qualifications which are required by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), New Delhi (the core body to regulate pharmacy education in the country) to get registered as a pharmacist.

Course Details:

D. Pharm is a 2-year undergraduate course including 3 months of hospital training as an internship. Eligibility to enter the course is 10+2 with physics, chemistry and biology as major subjects with a minimum of 40% marks. The selection of the students for this course is done either on their merit or based upon the rank they hold in the entrance examinations as a screening process.

Rules and Regulations for Admission:

Pharm is a two-year course whereby each academic year includes a duration of not less than 180 working days along with 500 hours of practical training covering a duration of not less than 3 months.
Admission of candidates to the D. Pharm program shall be made on the basis of merit depending on the ‘Pre-Pharmacy Test’ as per the university’s examination strategy and curriculum by following the PCI guidelines.

Scope and Opportunities:

D. Pharm is a technical course that helps the students to learn all the basic concepts of pharmaceutical science and also improves their practical skills.
The undergraduate aspirants will get the basic concepts related to the science of drugs, their discovery, manufacturing, testing, safety, efficacy, mechanism of action and various related areas.
The students will get knowledge about the basic concepts related to human physiology, anatomy, pathophysiology and pharmacology.
They will get knowledge about the active constituents of different medicinal herbs, their uses, processing and dispensing.
Students will learn about the basic laws regulating the profession of pharmacy.
They will be aware of the process of purchasing, merchandising and inventory control of drugs as well as maintenance of records.
It will provide them with the ability to process various prescriptions along with dispensing and compounding medicines.
They will learn different methods of testing, screening and clinical trials of drugs.

Transform your career with thousands of career opportunities after completion of D. Pharm and enable yourself for successful registration as a pharmacist under the Pharmacy act 1984.

Career Prospects:

You can get a job as a pharmacist in various drug stores of private and government hospitals.
There is a chance to get an entry-level job in different pharmaceutical firms in various divisions like process control, manufacturing and quality control.
You have a chance to work as a medical representative in various pharmaceutical companies.
It will be a great opportunity for those who are having entrepreneurial skills who can start their own retail and wholesale pharmacy outlets for medicines and surgical items.
You can work in different health sectors by processing prescriptions and dispensing medicines.

Future Scope:

Based upon your interest associated with pharmaceutical sciences, you can pursue Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) or Pharm D programs. After completion of D. Pharm, you are eligible to take admission in the 2^nd year of B. Pharm directly (B. Pharm Lateral Entry).
There is a great opportunity to work as a lawyer if you pursue your law degree after completion of D. Pharm, as many of the pharmaceutical companies hire such candidates as Intellectual Property lawyers.

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?

When you think of “public administration,” you may visualize managing budgets for a local government, transportation department, or improving the efficiency of a public health division at the local level or at most an optional subject for writing a civil services exam. But the fact is, the role of a public administration demonstrates the government and self-government in its new political and economic conditions. The primary focus of public administration solely relies on providing public services but is not limited to traditional services such as health care, transport services, and municipal. In the realm of public administration, there are many challenges and complex issues that are faced on a daily basis and perhaps sometimes longer. Studying public administration provides numerous avenues towards transforming and implementing change. The ability to choose from diverse occupations in a wide variety of industries is just one of several benefits of studying public administration.

B.A. in Public Administration is a three-year undergraduate program that deals with a study of subjects such as administration, public dealings & organizations, and constitutional framework. The students during their coursework learn about policies and programs of the government and gain knowledge about the democratic values of the country. The curriculum covers a wide range of topics. With your degree, you can pursue a career that lets you champion important issues and bring about meaningful change. During your education, you’ll develop critical leadership skills that will help you throughout your life. In your career, you’ll collaborate with highly skilled people in many public administrator roles, which will further widen your horizon in the field of administration. Similarly, for graduates with a master’s degree in public administration, there are many career possibilities that might not come to mind right away. A public administrator plans, organizes, directs, coordinates, and controls operations in a government office, private company, or non-profit organization. This can be in positions as diverse as that of a community health director or the budget director at an environmental justice non-profit organization. With a Ph.D. in public administration, you could work as a senior policy analyst in any government agency including the Indian Institute of Public Administration, the National Institute of Disaster Management, the Indian Institute for Rural Development, and many more. No matter what degree level you pursue, you’ll have the chance to enter a rewarding career where you can effect positive change for individuals, communities, and the general public.

Today in a world where the resources are scarce and there is a dire need for sustainable development, the study of public administration will help to find a solution for economical, effective, and efficient utilization of these resources. Not only this the knowledge of public administration helps to find a link between the policy-making (government institutions) and policy implementation at the grass-root level, it gives us a clear picture of the gap between the requirements of the people and the actual policy.

As you study for your MPA (Masters in Public Administration), you’ll gain a comprehensive education in diverse subjects—from strategic planning to non-profit organization sponsorship to electronic governance and beyond. In the process of the two-year program, you’ll be able to discover which areas interest you the most. An MPA program with a wide-ranging curriculum and internship opportunities will provide an important breadth of knowledge and hands-on experience. As you study public administration, it not only advances your career but strengthens the community in which you work. As public administration student, you’ll be able to gain valuable leadership skills that employers seek. According to Forbes magazine, key leadership skills include adaptability, transparency, empathy, flexibility, humility, confident communication, emotional intelligence, and commitment to a vision1. Further, you’ll learn to set goals and inspire positivity in the workplace. With comfort in these skills, you can encourage others to achieve lasting results and make the world a better place.

Throughout your program at bachelors as well as at masters level, you’ll have the opportunity to interact with veteran professionals in fields such as public service, state legislature, public policy and urban politics, education and immigration policy, community development and non-profits, health and behavioral management, and family and child well-being through various seminars, webinars, special lectures, internship, etc You’ll find enthusiastic, passionate people working together to improve people’s lives in a wealth of areas, from climate change and social justice to racial equality, affordable housing, and community development. Direct experience in the field, such as an internship, boosts a student’s resume and increases their job prospects even after graduation, which is one of the most important highlights of Adamas University with a dedicated Career Development Cell. After completion, of the course, you’ll be prepared to move into a leadership role in which you can mentor like-minded individuals and see your ideas and theirs come to a realization.

Retrieved on May 4, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamcraig/2019/03/26/8-skills-leaders-will-need-in-tomorrows-workplace/?sh=25d1b20e36da#176ee12136

B.Sc. in Physics – The stepping stone of your successful future

Let me start by asking why Physics? It’s just because today’s Science is Tomorrow’s Technology & Physics is the major driving force behind the development of new technologies, which in turn are reshaping our lives!

The vision of the Physics department is to lay the foundational stone of excellence and spur the development of the University as a premier Institution in the field of Physics, by igniting and nurturing enthusiasm, interests and passion, among the students through the advanced curricula.  

Located in the scenic green campus of Adamas University, Kolkata, the Department of Physics started its activity in 2015. The department is an active beehive of research being carried out in a wide variety of frontier areas as well as high quality Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Doctoral programs. The research program of the department cover both pure and applied physics areas like Condensed Matter Physics, Particle Physics, Electronics, Material Science, Bio-Medical Instrumentation, Electronics, Applied Electronics, Thin Film, Biophysics and many more…

The Department conducts programs at the Bachelor’s, Master’s as well as at the Doctoral Research levels. The establishment of state-of-the-art experimental and computational facilities has allowed us to venture into emergent career-oriented courses like Medical Physics and Instrumentation and interdisciplinary areas like Nano-science and Biophysics. With a vibrant and active PhD program, in which many PhD students are currently enrolled, The Department of Physics thrives to be one of the leading research groups across the world.

In this article, we are going to tell you especially about our 3-year B. Sc. (H) program in Physics. The course is designed keeping in mind the aspiration and career choices of the bright young passing out students of class 12. It is a regular full-time programme spanned for six semesters. Through this program, the department delivers a strong theoretical course of study and practical training in different aspects of Physics to assure the success of its students in graduate schools, professional schools as well as in further employment. The ultimate goal is for our students to apply their knowledge to any problem within scientific disciplines throughout their life. During their senior year, the students demonstrate the effectiveness of their learning experience. This fulfilling and stimulating experience opens the door to new learning and leadership opportunities as well as personal exploration and new purposes in life.

After completion of the program, students will be able to

Demonstrate a rigorous understanding of the core theories & principles of physics, which includes Classical mechanics, Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics, Quantum mechanics, Statistical mechanics, Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics etc.
Learn the Concepts and applications of Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, introduced at the degree level in order to understand nature at atomic levels.
Provide knowledge about Material properties and solid-state physics and its application for developing technology to ease the problems related to society.
Understand the set of physical laws, describing the motion of bodies, under the influence of the system of forces.
Understand the relationship between particles & atoms, as well as their creation & decay. Relate the structure of atoms & subatomic particles.
Understand the physical properties of the molecule the chemical bonds between atoms as well as molecular dynamics.
Analyze the applications of mathematics to the problems in physics & develop suitable mathematical methods for such application & for the formulation of physical theories.
Learn the structure of solid materials & their different physical properties along with metallurgy, cryogenics, electronics, & material science.
Understand the fundamental theory of nature at a small scale & levels of atom & sub-atomic particles.
Demonstrate a knowledge of applied electronics which is helpful to design and develop several devices and sensors etc.

Programme Eligibility:

Qualified 10+2 level or equivalent examination with Chemistry as one of the subjects.

Teaching – Learning Process:

While framing the teaching-learning process for undergraduate physics, we follow a holistic view of learning including situational, continuous, and transformational aspects which relies on the principle of ‘continuity of experience’ i.e. continuously transformed by the transactions that occur between the individual and his/her surroundings. This occurs when present experiences are carried forward by being connected to previous experiences in a continuous process.

The teaching-learning processes for undergraduate students doing B.Sc. (Hons.) in Physics are oriented towards enabling students to understand the fundamentals and applications of physical and scientific theories portrayed within the B.Sc. (Hons.) in Physics programme.

The outcome-based approach, particularly in the context of undergraduate level studies in Physics has been designed to significantly shift from teacher-centric to learner-centric pedagogies, and from passive to active/participatory pedagogies.

Each course of the study lends itself to a well-structured and sequenced acquisition of knowledge and skills in physical sciences. An important aspect of the teaching-learning process is that the undergraduate student will achieve practical skills in physical sciences which include an appreciation of the link between theories and experiments through hands-on experiments.

Teaching methods, guided by such a framework, comprises of (i) lectures supported by group tutorial work, (ii) lab-based hands-on training, (iii) the use of prescribed textbooks and e-learning resources and other self-study materials, (iv) open-ended project work, some of which may also be team-based, (v) activities (presentations, seminar etc.) designed to promote the development of generic/transferable skills in physical sciences.

There will be home works based on physical sciences (problem-solving approach) that will allow students to demonstrate their knowledge on each chapter and to increase their analyzing power further. There will be regular quizzes and class presentations which shall enable the students to demonstrate knowledge and enhance communication skills. Two/Three class tests will be given through the semester along with one mid-term and one end-term examination to have students demonstrate mastery of key concepts.

Information and communication systems (ICT) will be used selectively for decoding and interpreting mainly graphs and shapes as well as to process experimental measurements or to simulate solid-state or high energy physics related phenomena. Students are trained in various programs (e.g., Mathematica, Matlab, Python, Fortran etc.).

About CBCS:

School of Science has implemented the CBCS system for all undergraduate programmes run under its umbrella. The CBCS provides an opportunity for the students to choose courses from the prescribed courses comprising core, elective/minor or skill-based courses. The courses can be evaluated following the grading system, which is considered to be better than the conventional marks system. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a uniform grading system in the entire higher education in India. This will benefit the students to move across institutions within India, to begin with, and across countries. The uniform grading system will also enable potential employers in assessing the performance of the candidates. In order to bring uniformity in the evaluation system and computation of the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) based on student’s performance in examinations, the UGC has formulated the guidelines to be followed.

Elaboration of some terms in course structure:

Core Course: A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a core requirement is termed as a core course. To learn more about the core courses please refer to our website: https://science.adamasuniversity.ac.in/physics/
(a) Elective (Generic) Course: Generally a course which can be chosen from a pool of courses and which may be very specific or specialized or advanced or supportive to the discipline/ subject of study or which provides an extended scope or which enables exposure to some other discipline/subject/domain or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is called an Elective Course.

As the Generic Elective course are offered to the students with 6 credits and they are (a) Mathematics (b) Chemistry (c) Computer Science (d) Statistics etc.

(b) Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be offered by the main discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline Specific Elective. The University/Institute may also offer discipline related Elective courses of interdisciplinary nature (to be offered by the main discipline/subject of study).

(c) Dissertation/Project: An elective course designed to acquire special/advanced knowledge, such as supplement study/support study to project work, and a candidate studies such a course on his own with advisory support by a teacher/faculty member is called dissertation/project.
Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC)/Competency Improvement Courses/Skill Development Courses: The Ability Enhancement (AE) Courses may be of two kinds: AE Compulsory Course (AECC) and AE Elective Course (AEEC). “AECC” courses are the courses based upon the content that leads to Knowledge enhancement. They ((i) Environmental Science, (ii) English Language and Literature) are mandatory for all disciplines. AEEC courses are value-based and/or skill-based and are aimed at providing hands-on training, competencies, skills, etc.

Study Abroad Program:

Our school, the School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SOBAS) has an active program called the “Study Abroad Program” through which interested students get all the support to pursue higher studies abroad. Students from the Physics department already got benefited from this program and continuing their studies abroad. Through this program, one can get information about various scholarship programmes, help with various entrance test, advice on students’ loans and many more.

Apart from the academic program, the University provides lots of opportunities to learn through extracurricular activities and different club activities. So try not to learn only from the classrooms or laboratories. Life never stops you from surprising, so enjoy each moment with your friends and fellow classmates also. We want you to have an experience of a lifetime.

For further details and enquiry, you can visit the official website of the Department of Physics, Adamas University (https://science.adamasuniversity.ac.in/). You can also read blogs on various topics of Physics here – https://adamasuniversity.ac.in/category/physics/, https://adamasuniversity.ac.in/category/astrophysics

Finally, we would like to remind you about a quote from Sir Issac Newton – “What we know is a drop, what we don’t know is an ocean”. So keep learning!

Why it is essential to learn Statistics in the modern era for career growth?

“Statistics is the grammar of science.” – Karl Pearson

Statistics is the art of learning from data. It is concerned with three things: the collection of data, their analysis and statistical inference or interpretation of the data. Most of us think of statistics as science but it is not. Rather, it is a quantitative method of scientific investigations. On the basis of available data, a statistician’s job is to test whether a hypothesis can claim to be a law. Researchers of this field are concerned with the formulation of the methodologies for testing the hypothesis.

People are using statistics from the very old days. First evidence can be found at the time of 3000 B.C., when the people of ancient Babylonia, China, Egypt took censuses for taxation. In India, the first use of statistics can be found in Kautilya’s Arthashastra (321-296 B.C.). The development of modern-day statistics was started in the 18th century, whereas the study of statistics as a scientific discipline and its application was introduced in India by P. C. Mahalanobis. For the study of statistics, he founded Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931. From this initiation, India has become one of the main contributing countries in the field of statistics now.

In this blog, we present the use of statistics in different fields and its recent trends. We discuss the scope and opportunity of learning statistics at Adamas University. Also, we suggest a career guideline for the freshers of this subject.

Statistics for life:

We are living in the age of data, where we understand the happenings of the world around us by extracting the knowledge or information inside the data using statistical methods and tools. That is, we need statistical techniques for knowledge discovery in databases. When used correctly, statistics tell us the information of the present state of any system and the derived knowledge guide us about future actions. To understand, how statistics shape our life, knowing or unknowingly, we considered some application areas as below:

Weather Forecasts: There are some models built using statistics that analyse the prior weather condition and current weather condition data to predict future weather.
Emergency Preparedness: Emergency management agencies move into high gear to be ready to rescue people. Emergency teams rely on statistics to tell them when catastrophe may occur.
Predicting Disease: Presently we are using various machine learning techniques, which governs by statistics, to identify the potential causes of a disease or to identify the cancer cells in the human body.
Genetics: If any parents are suffering from the diseases that come from their genetic disorder then that disease can potentially be passed on to their children. In statistics, there are strong tools that can determine the chances of a new baby being affected by the disease.
Political Campaigns polling results: Whenever there’s an election, the news organizations consult their statistical models predicting the result i.e., who will be the winner.
Insurance: The premium that an insurance company charges to a customer is based upon inferences drawn from the relevant previous data using statistical tools.
Consumer goods: Any departmental store or leading retailer, keeps track of everything they sell and use statistical tools for analysing their vast store of data about buying pattern and sale trend to calculate what to ship to each store and when.
Quality testing: Any manufacturing company make thousands of products every day and must make sure that a good quality item is sold. But a company can’t test each and every item that they sell to the consumer. So the company uses statistics to test just a few, called a sample, of what they make. If the sample passes quality tests, then the company assumes that all the items made in the group, called a batch, are good.
Stock market: In the stock market, the price of the stock is predicted by the analysis of the price of the stock in the past few days. Market analysts use statistical tools and models to forecast what is happening in the economy.
Recommender system: Recommender systems have appeared as efficient and effective tools for automatically selecting and recommending items according to choices or likeliness of customers by using statistical and machine learning models. The applications of recommender systems include recommending movies, music, television programs, books, documents, websites, conferences, tourism scenic spots and learning materials, and involve the areas of e-commerce, e-learning, e-library, e-government and e-business services.

Recent trend in Statistics:

As there is the biggest job market for the qualified data science experts, so the demand for qualified person in this field is at boom. The most important requirement of any data science approach is how the information is processed. When we talk about deriving knowledge out of data it is basically digging out the possibilities. Those possibilities in Data Science are known as Statistical Analysis. In the process of data analysis and decision making from the beginning to the end of the complete cycle, there is a requirement of statistics at every single step. So a good statistician can be a good data scientist too.

Statistics @AdamasUniversity:

Very few Universities offer programmes like M.Sc. (Tech.) in Statistics and Data Science and B.Sc. (Hons) Statistics & Data Analytics which are a perfect blend of Statistics and Data Science courses and Adamas University is one of them. These programmes are mainly job oriented but one can go for higher studies in this field and become a statistician, data scientist or data engineer. Eligibility criteria for applying in the undergraduate programme is 10+2 or higher secondary with Mathematics or Statistics as a compulsory subject, whereas any graduate student with Mathematics or Statistics courses in their programme can apply for M.Sc. (Tech.) programme. For admission, students need to clear the AUAT entrance exam along with a personal interview. For further details and enquiry, you can visit the official website of the Department of Mathematics, Adamas University (https://science.adamasuniversity.ac.in/).

Career Prospect:

In this modern age of digitalization, things need to be planned and Statistics is one of the most important tools used in this. The most practical application of statistics is in the economic development of the world. Each country uses statistical analysis for this. If the statistical data excites you and if you have the ability to take data, to be able to understand the data, to process the data, to extract the value from it, to visualize the data and to effectively interpret and communicate data then a career as a statistician may be a good fit for you.

Source: This is Statistics

Following are few job titles to be mentioned: Statisticians, Business Analyst, Market Research Analyst, Professor/Lecturer, Risk Analyst, Data Analyst, Content Analyst, Statistic Trainer, Data Scientist, Actual Analyst, Operations Research Analyst, Biostatistician, Econometrician, etc. The areas like Census, Ecological, Medical, Election, Crime, Education, Film, Cricket, Tourism where these people can work are not limited. There are several companies like Deloitte Consulting, TCS Innovations Labs, Blue Ocean Marketing, BNP Paribas India, Neilson Company, Accenture, HP, GE Capital, HDFC, Cognizant, American Express, RBI, HSBC, Indian Market Research Bureau, Genpact who hire people with these skill sets. Apart from these jobs, students can choose the option of higher studies. After completing post-graduation, a student can take the NET examination for getting admission in PhD in Statistics. Nowadays people with these degrees and knowledge of statistics are working as freelancers and doing consultancy jobs. So, Statistics says a person with good knowledge in statistics will not go jobless.

Emerging Features and Diversity of Food Technology

When it comes to food, tech isn’t always the first thing that comes to mind. However, technology over the years has changed how we produce and find our food through applications, robotics, data and processing techniques. Food Technology is an emerging discipline that merges into various other disciplines like food chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, food engineering and nutrition for its subject matter. Rapid urbanization around the world and lifestyle changes has led to tremendous growth in this field. Food technology refers to the utilization of food science to select, protect, handle, pack, transport and use of safe food. Food science refers to the examination of the physical, biological, and manufactured beauty care products of food, the purposes behind food debilitating, and the thoughts principal to food planning.

Food researchers and technologists apply logical controls including science, designing, microbiology and nourishment to the investigation of food to improve the security, sustenance, healthiness and accessibility of food. The use of food science helps in assembling protected, healthy and nutritious food items. The investigation of food technology is to grow new techniques and frameworks for keeping food items protected and safe from characteristic damages like microorganisms and other miniature life forms. Food preparation helps in safeguarding improves the flavor and decreases the poisons in the food item which brings about better distributional effectiveness and simple advertising of the food item. The cutting-edge food handling methods like spray drying, freeze drying and introduction of artificial colorants, sweeteners and preservations, are the way to prospering grocery stores we have today. Numerous items like dried moment soups reconstituted products of the soil, and self-preparing suppers were created for the accommodation of working individuals. The food handling businesses are associated with cycles like primary and secondary processing, quality management, preservation, packaging, and labeling of a variety of products such as confectionery products, dairy products, fruit & vegetable products, fish products, meat & poultry products and food grains. Contingent upon their space of specialization, food researchers may create approaches to measure, protect, bundle or potentially store food as indicated by industry and government determinations and guidelines.

Food technology is the biggest business across the globe, so various government and private open positions in the country. The market for food science and its branch has developed by more than 10% in the previous decade. It covers a wide range of the division from Exploration to promoting and fund, which makes you flexible, multidisciplinary and subjective individual. It opens up a chance for a decent compensation bundle in the wake of placing in long periods of involvement.

DEGREES TO BE PURSUED

Students seeking to fabricate a profession in the field of food technology ought to have an interest in food science technical skills, awareness of the consumer market, analytical mind, practical skills, organizational skills, problem-solving skills, research skills, observation skills, health and nutrition, scientific approach, time management, ability to work with a variety of details.

Students can choose to seek after a degree, certificate or doctorate program in food technology at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. To seek after the course at undergraduate level, competitors should clear Class XII in Science stream with PCB or PCM combinations.

SCOPE

Food Technologist is an extremely adaptable job in any industry in India as well as in overseas. Students can take up food technology occupations at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. While a four-year college education is adequate to function as a food technologist. A graduate degree gives applicants the necessary serious edge. Graduates or postgraduates in food innovation can take up positions in various areas such as hospitals, restaurants, food processing companies, catering establishments, soft drink manufacturing firms, spice, cereal, and rice mills, quality control organizations, food research laboratories and packaging industries. Students with a postgraduate degree can also secure jobs at places such as water conservation and research institutes, biotechnology and bioinformatics companies, and the pharmaceutical industry.  

The top reputed recruiters in the field of food technology are Godrej Industrial Limited, PepsiCo India Holdings, Coca-Cola India Limited, Britannia Industries Limited, MTR Foods Limited, Nestle India Private Limited, ITC Limited, Agro Tech Foods, Parle Products Private Limited, Perfetti India Limited, Amul, Hindustan Lever Limited, Cadbury India Limited, Milkfood, Dabur India Limited, Gits Food Products Private Limited, etc.

This is the best occupation for a foodie and an individual who loves going all throughout the planet!!!

BBA in Healthcare and Hospital Management- A Promising Career Choice

The Healthcare industry in India is projected to reach $372 bn by 2022. Healthcare industry in India comprises of hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance and medical equipment. The industry is growing at a tremendous pace owing to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure by public as well private players.

The hospital industry in India, accounting for 80% of the total healthcare market, is witnessing a huge investor demand from both global as well as domestic investors. The hospital industry is expected to reach $132 bn by 2023 from $ 61.8 bn in 2017; growing at a CAGR of 16-17%.
The Indian Medical Tourism Market is expected to grow from its current size of $3 bn  to $7-8 bn by 2020
The diagnostics industry in India is currently valued at $4 bn. The share of the organized sector is almost 25% in this segment (15% in labs and 10% in radiology).
The primary care industry is currently valued at $13 bn. The share of the organized sector is practically negligible in this case.
70,000 Ayushman Bharat centres, which aim at providing primary health care services to communities closer to their homes, are operational in India.
Health insurance contributes 20% to the non-life insurance business, making it the 2nd largest portfolio. The gross direct premium income underwritten by health insurance grew 17.16% year-on-year to reach $6.87 Billion in FY20.
Growing incidence of lifestyle diseases, rising demand for affordable healthcare delivery systems due to the increasing healthcare costs, technological advancements, the emergence of telemedicine, rapid health insurance penetration and government initiatives like e-health together with tax benefits and incentives are driving the healthcare market in India.

Outline of the Program

Introduction to hospital management including a focus on recent trends in healthcare and hospital management.
Understanding of Hospitals operation management (clinical and support Service), patients service management, Hospital quality management, Medicine and paediatrics, Hospital Pharmacy and Basic Concepts of Epidemiology.
Exposure to Hospital inventory and stores Administration, and Supply chain management.
Thorough knowledge of bio-medical waste management, Hospital Hazards and Disaster Management.
Working knowledge of Information Technology in Hospital services
Fundamental of Life Insurance Underwriting
Audit in Hospitals and Basic legal aspects in Hospitals
Stress and Coping Strategies
Foreign Language
6-8 weeks of summer internship in a corporate hospital after the fourth semester during May-July.
Dissertation/Live Project during the sixth semester on a topic chosen from the area of specialisation and possible career domain.

Careers Opportunities

BBA in healthcare opens doors to lucrative careers in four areas: providers of medical services, suppliers of equipment and pharmaceuticals, insurance companies and administration of healthcare facilities. Each area includes hundreds of job opportunities that range from hospital administration to formulating policies for governmental and health departments.

Hospital Administrator
Pharmaceutical Project Manager
Policy Analyst or Researcher
Health Services Managers and Administrators
Medical Entrepreneurship

Salaries and Job Satisfaction of Healthcare Business Management

Healthcare management careers are among the highest paid, most popular and most rewarding of professions. Five very different career opportunities available to people with a BBA in Healthcare and Hospital management include:

1. Hospital Administrator

Hospital administrators run community hospitals, clinics, medical centres, research hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities. All management occupations should grow by six per cent through 2024, according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics. However, the prospects for growth in medical management are better, because of the explosive growth in medical services, managed care and health technologies. A hospital administrator’s duties include hiring doctors, implementing new medical procedures, public relations, developing budgets and ensuring compliance with government security requirements for handling sensitive electronic health records.

2. Pharmaceutical Project Manager

Pharmaceutical project managers oversee developing new drugs, launching advertising campaigns and assembling teams to study the benefits and side effects of drug therapies. Most pharmaceutical firms hire people who have a BBA in Healthcare and Hospital Management, strong IT skills and the ability to work with multiple stakeholders that include biochemical engineers, chemists, technicians, physicians and marketing professionals. Your duties might include developing promotional plans for drugs, arranging for clinical trials, conducting market-penetration studies and analyzing investments.

3. Policy Analyst or Researcher

Policy analysts and researchers work with government agencies, insurance companies and private enterprises to test policies that guide decisions in health care and to assist in developing new programs and policies to keep pace with rapidly changing healthcare best practices and new technologies and treatments. Policy consultants often generate major changes in the way that people receive and pay for health care. These healthcare professionals compile and curate data from many sources to recommend health policies and design models that show the consequences of changing programs for governments, non-profit organizations, multinational companies, community groups and political action committees.

4. Health Services Managers and Administrators

These professionals plan, manage and coordinate health services for medical practices, groups of physicians, universities, insurance companies, private companies and government agencies. These medical professionals protect people and communities with insurance coverage, education, health services, healthier lifestyles, research and new programs to prevent disease and promote better health. Combining business savvy, healthcare trends and IT knowledge, today’s managers and administrators work to ensure regulatory compliance and plan for the increased medical services and staffs that will be needed to care for the people who live longer life spans. A BBA, greatly improves any student’s prospects of finding desirable employment in the field.

5. Medical Entrepreneurship

Medical technologies are among the fastest growing and most lucrative industries, and getting a BBA in healthcare and hospital management could qualify you to start or lead a medical technology company that manufactures equipment or develops new treatments using the latest biologic technologies such as those that create drugs from living cells. Companies are racing to develop biologics in one of the biggest trends in pharmaceuticals. This kind of medical entrepreneurship has been credited with decreasing prostate cancer deaths by 25 per cent and accelerating research to find other cures for diseases like Alzheimer’s, cancers, HIV/AIDS and many other medical conditions.

Earn a B.Sc. degree in Psychology from Adamas University!

Psychology is primarily an interdisciplinary subject dealing with human behaviour. This interdisciplinary nature is owing to the contribution of several other disciplines in enriching this domain of science. Moreover, the application of psychological principles encompasses several related areas of research which, in turn, justifies its’ interdisciplinary nature.

A career in Psychology entails an undergraduate degree and a postgraduate degree in Psychology with a specialization in any of the applied areas of the subject like Clinical Psychology, Industrial and Organizational behaviour, School Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Rehabilitation Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Social Psychology, just to name a few.

Although the subject is being taught in our country for over a century now, the awareness and spread of this domain of knowledge was scarce. It was only during the end of the 20th century that made people realize the necessity and application of this subject. The past few decades have, therefore, witnessed a growing trend of students applying for an undergraduate or postgraduate degree in Psychology!

Why study B.Sc. (Honours) in Psychology at Adamas University?

The Department of Psychology at Adamas University offers a unique experience to the students taking admission to the B.Sc. program. The program is designed in such a way so as to provide a wholesome knowledge about the subject and its’ application to the students. This program is a 3-year program with six semesters. The program requires the completion of a number of core courses in Psychology, elective courses (as chosen by the student), skill enhancement courses, discipline-specific courses, value-added courses as well as specializations. Moreover, to enhance students’ understanding of the applications and to hone their research skills, the curriculum also entails completion of clinical coursework, summer internship and a research dissertation.

7 Reasons why you should join Adamas University for pursuing B.Sc. Honours in Psychology:

1. Specializations offered at the Undergraduate level:

The Department of Psychology, Adamas University has proved to be a forerunner by introducing specialization in Industrial Psychology, Forensic Psychology, School Psychology and Sports Psychology right at the undergraduate level. All these courses are applied domains of Psychology and have been recognized due to their huge applicability and job prospects in the market.

Specialization in Industrial Psychology: Industrial psychology uses a range of scientific methods, including quantitative and qualitative research. Industrial and Organizational Psychology has evolved as branches of Psychology to understand the human factor in the industrial and organizational situation as well as person-environment fitness and their development. The industrial-organizational psychologist job market is expected to grow by 5.9% between 2016 and 2026. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 2.5 per cent employment growth for industrial psychologists between 2019 and 2029. Those working in business, government and academic positions often spend considerable time conducting research.

Specialization in Forensic Psychology: Forensic Psychology is the application of psychology in the aid of legal investigation. Forensic psychology looks into the vast psychological perspectives and applies them to legal investigations including issues such as public policies, new laws, competency, and also the mental state of a defendant. This course is designed to make the students acquainted with the basics of Forensic Psychology, Psychological perspectives of criminal behaviour, psychopathologies, personality assessments and the basics of forensic assessments.

Specialization in School Psychology: School psychology is a field that applies principles of educational psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, community psychology, and applied behaviour analysis to meet children’s and adolescents’ behavioural health and learning needs in a collaborative manner with educators and parents.

Specialization in Sports Psychology: Sport psychology is the study of a person’s behaviour in sport. It is also a specialization within brain Psychology and Kinesiology that seeks to understand psychological/mental factors that affect performance in sports, physical activity, and exercise and apply these to enhance individual and team performance. It deals with increasing performance by managing emotions and minimizing the psychological effects of injury and poor performance. Some of the most important skills taught are goal setting, relaxation, visualization, self-talk, awareness and control, concentration and confidence

2. State-of-the-Art Laboratory:

The Department of Psychology has an extremely well-equipped laboratory fitted with modern equipment and all the required test materials for testing and assessments. This helps provide adequate practical knowledge to the students and enriches them with applied skills. The laboratory also has an Electroencephalograph machine that allows students to learn the basics of brain functioning.

3. Grooming for Research:

The Department emphasizes on conducting research in different areas of psychological research from the undergraduate level itself. Students are groomed to learn and apply their research skills by presenting research papers at both national and international levels. This helps them to get the exposure to diverse sources of knowledge.

4. Internships in Psychology:

As part of their curriculum, students are encouraged to do internships from the undergraduate level in clinical setups, hospitals, industries and other institutes. This enables them to get an opportunity to learn through hands-on training.

5. Placement opportunities:

The University Placement Cell trains students for placements and internship opportunities by conducting regular classes and training programs. In their final year, students opting for a job are given placement opportunities.

6. Teachers as Mentors:

The Department believes in offering a friendly learning environment where students can acquire knowledge through scaffolding. Teachers play the role of mentors by providing all possible guidance and psychological support to the students across their entire program.

7. Great Campus Life:

The Adamas University campus is a beautiful one with a vibrant campus life offered to the students. They get ample space to mingle with students and faculties of other departments and to express themselves in their most creative selves. The presence of different clubs for co-curricular activities further adds to this.

To sum up, with all the uncertainties and mental health crisis around us, a sound knowledge of Psychology and good skills can guarantee a great career for anyone. And what better way is to achieve it than to earn a degree in Psychology from Adamas University.

To know more about the program, check out: https://socialsciences.adamasuniversity.ac.in/psychology/

Redefining the Law Career Trajectory: The BA-LLB Way

Unlike the famous figurative speech that demonstrates the inability of a person to gain expertise in a particular subject matter because he is busy dabbling in many skills, a degree in Legum Baccalaureus coupled with a Bachelor in Arts (hereinafter referred to as B.A-LLB) aids a student of law to be a master of a number of subjects. Apart from embodying the principles of holistic legal education, he becomes a man-of-all-work and versatile, evincing great adaptability to adjust to varying circumstances while simultaneously serving various critical functions.

A degree in law generally has a great appeal in terms of not only the subjects that one studies in a law school but also the employability prospects that it offers. More so, an integrated professional course of five years is definitely a ‘cherry on the cake’ because it promises to combine a Bachelor in Arts with Law, and exposes the student to a plethora of different courses that he can choose from, develop his interests, and shape his career accordingly. Such a 5-year integrated BA-LLB course is important to carve out one’s area of interest in the duration of five years so that he can construe and approach his career goals better. One of the most distinctive features of the B.A-LLB course is its outreach; its purview extends from civil law to criminal law to penology to space law to sports law and the like, thereby covering a vast range of ‘areas of interest’ of a student.

For a subject specialization, a student can choose whatever laws he wishes to learn. The general specialization options include Constitutional Law, International law, Criminal Law, Business Laws, etc., however with time, as laws have developed; the students can now choose subjects like Maritime Law, Space Law, Sports Law, Medical law, to name a few, as subject specializations.

In the following part, the author(s) have made a sincere attempt to enlist all the viable options available to a law student, after he completes his integrated five-year course in B.A-LLB:

1. Government Jobs

The union, state and local governments, government-aided institutions, Public Sector Undertakings, etc., provide numerous employment opportunities that a B.A-LLB graduate can avail of. Here is a non-exhaustive list of the same-

UPSC`s civil service examination, the State Public Service;

Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS), that includes IBPS PO i.e., the Probationary Officer and IBPS SO i.e., the Specialist Officer;
Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) GRADE- A Legal Officer;
Judge Advocate General (JAG) in the Indian Army;
Legal Officer in Public Sector Undertaking(PSUs) such as ONGC, NTPC, BHEL, etc.;
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) GRADE- B Legal Officer.

2. The Indian Judiciary

The third organ of the state also provides certain opportunities in the form of:

The Judicial Services Examination, that involves Lower Judicial Service & Higher Judicial Service;
Public Prosecutors, the legal representative on behalf of the State;

All India Bar Examination (AIBE) or the Bar Council of India enrollment, that grants a lawyer the status of an Advocate and also a Certificate of Practice by which he can pursue his legal practice in any court within the territory of India;
Supreme Court Law Clerk cum Research Assistant (Final year students from the integrated undergraduate course can also apply for this position).

3. The Legal Academia and Research

After graduating with a degree in B.A-LLB one can also aspire to be a part of the fraternity that imparts legal education. This profession is attributed the utmost importance among all others, since “Judicial enforcement of rights by courts of law does not necessarily guarantee public understanding and support for those rights; such understanding or awareness needs to be inculcated and can only be achieved by education.” It is needless to mention here that law teachers and professors shape the future legal fraternity of the country and their understanding of the subjects.

One can join the legal academia as a law professor or a researcher, by means of-

UGC- NET Examination, that has vacancies for researchers and assistant professors in UGC recognized universities across India and Research Institutes;
Research Associate or Research Consultant in Education Research Centers operated by various Universities and independent research institutions;
Project associate, Program Executive, Consultant in incubation and start-up centres;
Principal investigator and co-investigator in funded research programs;

Subject expert in which his area of interest lies, e.g. a Mitigation Expert, Criminal Psychologist etc.

Note: Please note that some of the jobs and vacancies mentioned above are subjected to specific eligibility criteria and requirements, and age restrictions.

4. Post-graduation

After the completion of the undergraduate course in B.A-LLB, the students can choose to pursue post-graduation, either in their domestic country or abroad. The most common post-graduate program that is generally chosen by law students is the Master of Law (or LLM, Legum Magister). A candidate may enrol in an LLM program in any institution of higher learning in India and abroad provided he fulfils the minimum eligibility criteria.

The Common Law Admission Test for Post- Graduation (or CLAT-PG) Examination helps students to pursue their post-graduation at the National Law Universities (NLUs) according to the ranks acquired and the selected subject- specialization(s).
For Foreign LLM programs, the students can choose any university across the globe according to the specialization(s) they want to pursue. There are also a number of prestigious scholarships awarded by notable universities to fund their foreign students. Some of the scholarships that students may apply for are the Rhodes scholarship; the Commonwealth Scholarship, the Chevening scholarship, the Fulbright-Nehru Master’s Fellowship etc.

Other than re-enrolling for LLM programs, B.A-LLB students can also enrol for diploma courses; PG diploma courses; Master of Arts (M.A.) in subjects like Human Rights, Women`s Studies etc.; Masters in Comparative Law (MCL) etc.

5. The Corporate Space

The corporate world and the reputed law firms, boutique law firms, firms specializing in a particular area of practice, are places that attract a large chunk of law students. The students may either become Corporate Lawyer or work as Legal Advisor or may participate as Litigation Associate in the respective corporate law firms.

6. Other Areas to explore

Apart from the options mentioned above, a student with a B.A-LLB degree can also pursue his career as –

A journalist, specializing in law and contemporary social, economic and regulatory affairs
A publisher, publishing journals, books and blogs relating to law and other interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary matters
A member/founding member of a Non- Governmental Organization or Non- profit Organization.
A social lawyer, rendering Pro-Bono Legal advice and other services to the vulnerable and underprivileged, who are not adequately represented.
A human-rights activist or a human rights defender,
An associate in a Legal Process Outsourcing Services organization,
A fellow of an organization, institution (including charitable institution), etc.
A project leader of any of the United Nations programs.

Concluding, it may be said that the B.A-LLB course offers quite a few employment opportunities and opens up new vistas for aspirants seeking a forward-looking career in law. The expertise, skills and experience amassed through the course help students create a niche segment for themselves. In a nutshell, the course aids students to not only hone their academic skills but also secure a variety of jobs, from rank-and-file jobs to managerial and leadership ones.

Events & Entertainment Management – An Emerging Management Career Field

COVID-19 has caused several industries to fall and some of them almost went on the point of suffocation while many businesses had to close down due to the excess liabilities. The event industry was not an exception and neither been excused during the pandemic. However, the industry took the pledge to shed off the dirt and stand stronger. The organizations started to arrange events online on a huge scale as physical events are minimized to a great extent due to the risk of contamination. Some forms of events like IPL were conducted in-house and live broadcasting was made available for the viewers to enjoy and game while being stationed in the preferred safe houses. This arises the need of creating a program that would cater to the areas of the online event as well as the offline events when they will return with their old glory. The program should not only satisfy the requirements to support the changing needs of the market but also prepare the learners for the upcoming changes in the event industry.

The Adamas University with its sprawling campus and highly qualified faculties is offering the MBA in Events and Entertainment Management program under the school of Media and Communication to all the aspirants who are looking for promising career opportunities in the event and entertainment industry. The program blends academics with industry and exposes areas like managing events and entertainment industries, budgeting, Television and radio entertainment management and many more while the focus of the program would be on upgrading the practical and hands-on experience of the learners. The objectives of the MBA program is to developing a sense of creativity for events and entertainment, Understanding different components and verticals of event management, Creating platform-agnostic aspects of brand events and entertainment management, Understand the usage of data in managing the business and also become confluent with technologies that govern contemporary events and entertainment management.

MBA in Events and Entertainment Management comes with a list of objectives like creating successful events on different platforms, Becoming an expert in managing various components and aspects of event as well as entertainment media, Analyze the outcome of any event in order to bring in further changes and take forward the baton of ethical management practices, which has become a lost art form in the current era.

The program is strongly backed up by the Adamas University Events Lab which is constituted to be a pioneer in managing events for the school of Media and Communication at the university level while also being engaged in inter-university events. The club facilitates the young aspirants to engage in activities for the internal and external circle to sharpen their skills in event management as well as managing entertainment over different platforms. The lab expands its girth to breach the barrier between the academic knowledge processing and implication of the same for industrial practices. The primary aim of the Event club is to create professionals to match up the needs of the industry as well as to produce independent professionals while encouraging them to become entrepreneurs.

The activities carried out by the Adamas University (AU) Event Lab will be multi-dimensional and innovative. The range of activities under the lab will be as follows:

Forming affirmative ties with Event and Entertainment farms while coming out with joint projects that can be monetized.
Organizing seminars, conferences, and workshops by leading industry stalwarts.
Training internal students to become smart event and entertainment managers.
Guiding students to become entrepreneurs in the event and entertainment industry.
Providing consultancy services to organizations that require smart event managers for their business.
Tying up with other institutes or universities to conduct academic training programs on event and entertainment management.
Conducting seminars, conferences, and workshops at other institutes or universities.

The program would offer learners to join this majestic club not only to gain practical knowledge but also to get in touch with leading industry leaders who can be good sources of professional opportunities after the completion of the program. This leads to introducing another major benefit of the program which is called the “master classes” by the popular industry professionals that helps in providing flair of the industry and also helps the students to understand the challenges of the domain as well as provide them with the key solutions of those encounters.

The learners, who wish to take admission under this program, should understand the value of a post-graduate degree that gives them the professional knowledge and understanding of the domain, along with the certification from a well-recognized university to make it even more impactful. On the contrary, it can be said that if the skills honed by the hard work and determination of the learners are supported and recognized by a reasonable organization, then the efforts become fruitful and permanent for the rest of their lives.

Email etiquette: Definition, Best Practices & Advantages

What is Email Etiquette?

A prescribed or accepted code of usage in official or other formal observances

Etiquette is defined as the rules governing socially acceptable behaviour
How does one behave in the virtual world
Our choice of words and tone of communication

Why is Email Etiquette important?

We all interact with the printed word as though it has a personality and that personality makes positive and negative impressions upon us
Without immediate feedback, your document can easily be misinterpreted by your reader, so it is crucial that you follow the basic rules of etiquette to construct an appropriate tone

The Anatomy of an E-Mail

The Reader

Start with, and keep, your reader in mind
What do they know about your topic? Will they understand your jargon or acronyms?
Give reasons for them to spend their valuable time reading your message

The Subject Line

A subject line that pertains clearly to the email body will help people mentally tune into the proper context before they read your message
State your message clearly, concisely, and to the point
Consider your primary audience when writing the subject line
Steer clear of subject lines commonly used for viruses, spam, or junk
When to use URGENT/ REQ/ FYI in your subject line?

The Salutation

Dear,” “Hello,” and “Hi” are all acceptable greetings
If you are addressing a group of people, you can say ‘Dear’ plus the unifying attribute. For example : Dear Colleagues
You also need to keep in mind that while addressing a senior person or person of authority a “Dear ABC” is always more appropriate than a “Hi ABC”

The Signoffs

Always use a signoff to let your correspondent know that all of the message has been conveyed completely
If you are well-known to your correspondent, a simple ‘Regards’ followed by your first name is adequate
In cases where you are writing to a client or to someone in the company with whom you are not very well acquainted with, then, many email programs allow you to set up a default signature to be included at the end of every message. You can use these signatures as an easy way to sign off with your complete name, designation and information on reaching you

Your Message

Plan first
Be clear on what you are wanting to communicate and focus on that core message
Place important information at the beginning of the sentence/paragraph
Keep it short and simple: it is very important for e-mails to be short
- keep to the point, be specific and accurate
Limit sentence length as well as paragraph length
- If a paragraph is getting too long – break it
- Separate paragraphs with a line space
Check for spelling, grammar, alignment and consistency before sending it.
Do not use more than 2 fonts: one for the heading and one for the body copy
Avoid cumbersome words
Avoid buzzwords/ short forms/ slangs and acronyms
Use smiles & winks ;), and other graphical symbols only when appropriate.

Tone

Write in a positive tone

“When you complete the report.” instead of “If you complete the report.”

Avoid negative words that begin with “un, non, ex” or that end with “less” (useless, non-existent, ex-employee, undecided)

HOW TO – Use MAIL Attachments

Zip attached files. Three reasons for this:

Reduces file size
Protects against firewalls stripping attachments
If multiple attached files, makes easier to unpack

HOW TO – USE Replies

Use the “Reply to” or “Reply to All” option

Maintains a link to the original message
Maintains “thread” of correspondence

HOW TO – USE Forwards

Not the same as replying

Mail original message to someone other than the sender
Use caution when forwarding private or sensitive email messages without the permission of the sender
May be inappropriate to forward a portion of a message

HOW TO – USE the ‘CC’ field

Carbon copy

Everyone in the “To” and “CC” fields are visible
‘This email is not addressed to you, you’re just receiving a copy’ (FYI)
Can be overused
“Reply to All” will be sent to everyone in the “CC” and “To” fields

HOW TO – USE the ‘Bcc’ field

Blind carbon copy

Conceals address from other recipients
Use for mass mailings
No need for others to see the list of recipients
Will not receive a “Reply To” or “Reply to All” message

HOW TO – Deliver A Bad News

Deliver the news upfront:

“We are unable to order new computers this quarter due to budget cuts.”

Avoid blaming statements:

“I think it will be hard to recover from this, but what can I do to help?”

Avoid hedging words or words that sound ambiguous

“Our pricing structure is outdated.”

Intents and Purposes, Possibly, Most Likely, Perhaps, Maybe

HOW TO – Write a Complaint

You should briefly state the history of the problem to provide context for your reader.
Explain the attempts you made previously to resolve the problem.
Show why it is critical for the problem to be resolved by your reader.
Offer suggestions on ways you think it can be resolved or how you are willing to help in the matter.

When Email Won’t Work

There are times when you need to take your discussion out of the virtual world and make a phone call.
If things become very heated, a lot of misunderstanding occurs, or when you are delivering very delicate news then the best way is still face-to-face.

Major No-No’s

Typing in UPPER CASE.
Sending Spam via email.
Forwarding jokes with 200 email addresses at the top of the page.
Large File Attachments.
Forgetting to re-read the email before sending.
There isn’t any email privacy. Avoid sensitive information in an email. Remember an email can be forwarded without your knowledge or consent to anyone.
Don’t Reply To Spam.

Avoid text-message-type (ex. R U 4getting s/thing?)