university Archives | Page 4 of 10

New Era of Construction Engineering and Management

During the recent time of pandemic when the world is paused for almost all regular activities so is the situation for the academics and industries. The time demands new era construction engineering mangers to develop and run a system where employees can be engaged to their respective fields with all safety measures to maintain the pace of the project.

Here, a brief discussion is done on the importance and opportunities of Construction Engineering and Management for the next generation engineering graduates.

History:

It all started at the time when people used to live in the caves of jungles or forests. Then one or few of them observed nature and got an idea to build a house of leaves. That incident may be called as the first example of construction in the human history. As the time went past, new techniques were developed and the infrastructure of the society also improved to upgrade the living standard of the citizens.

In fact even few decades ago, if anyone is asked to call an engineer, he/she at first used to the think of a civil engineer or more specifically a construction engineer. Construction Engineering and Management is basically a part of Civil Engineering which requires technical and scientific knowledge with critical thinking. Sometimes it requires design and execution of new techniques to solve the critical problems and help to improve safety and efficiency in production.

Roles and Responsibility:

A construction engineer must be aware of rules and regulations, facts of different codes of practices, should be up to date with the latest safety measurement techniques. A good construction project manager increases the productivity of the organization by completing the project efficiently with in the time allocated. Construction Engineering and Management is a bridge between construction and execution of all the activities of the project and management of all the resources of it. An engineering manager may need to investigate the job site, check environmental regulations and other laws of the local administration and sometimes may work with the labors. A construction manager prepares report on the work progress, availability of the resources, and figure out appropriate solutions to critical problems. The position need to deals with the wide range of people like contractors, suppliers, environmental and govt. agencies. Apart from on-site jobs, a construction manager may take help of software to analyze and find out important facts of the project.

Generally the role of a construction project manager can be classified into the following three phases:

Pre-construction Phase: This phase consist of project planning and organizing. Before starting the execution process plan, schedule and budget allocation of materials, human, equipment should be done.
Construction Phase: During construction the optimum of all the resources will be used. So it requires close monitoring of construction manager. The engineering knowledge and skill of the construction manager is helpful during this phase of construction management. Constant communication is built among all the levels of employees in order to run this process smoothly.
Post Construction Phase: The construction engineering manager is the technical person who will prepare the project progress report and clarify it to the owners as well as to the other govt. institutions.

Scope and Opportunities:

The engineers placed in the construction projects can only understand the criticality of the challenges and determine the actual requirement of human resources as well as material resources. Based on the experience and/or knowledge, only construction engineering managers can solve various challenges in construction sites. In current situation where the pandemic hit society is struggling to run its regular life, the new age construction engineers can be a silver lining to all. They can propose and encourage government and other organizations to continue development woks and can create modern day infrastructure needs by using cutting edge technologies invented till date. The use of the modern techniques will serve the society in two way. One is by using modern equipment, projects can be completed quickly than usual time and will save huge amount of labor cost. On the other hand, it will create a new set of employment sector where new technicians will be required to operate modern equipment.

To avail all these pride and opportunities, one must have a valid degree or experience in civil/construction engineering. For the information of all aspirants, it must be mentioned that there are very few institutions who offer construction engineering & management in west Bengal. Adamas University is one of the prime university among them in the eastern zone of India with world class facilities where students from abroad comes to build their career. Here you will find a set of talented experienced faculties and all laboratory supports to pursue your dream into reality.

EXPLORE A CAREER AS A MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN AND OPTOMETRIST

What is the Medical Lab Technology?

Bachelor in Medical Lab Technology is a 3-year undergraduate course designed to equip eligible candidates with an advanced learning in both routine and sophisticated laboratory diagnostic procedures. Students enrolled to the course are taught to perform tests that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Eligibility Criteria

Students who wish to enroll B.Sc MLT course have to qualify their 10+2 in the area of science.
The candidate should pass their 10+2 with a minimum percentage of 50 or equivalent (depends on different colleges) from the recognized education board in the country.

Career opportunities for the students

Laboratory technologist at pharmaceutical laboratories, Pathology labs, Public Health Laboratories, Hospitals, Research and product development etc.
Research Scholar/Scientist
Blood Bank
Medical Officer
Laboratory Manager
Assistant Professor
Laboratory Technician at Government Hospitals by HRB recruitments

EXPLORE A CAREER AS A OPTOMETRIST

What is Optometry?

A health care profession that involves examining the eyes and applicable visual system for defects or abnormalities as well as prescribing the correction for refractive error with glasses or contact lenses and treatment of the diseases.
Duration Of Course: 3 years theory +1 year internship In reputed hospital

Eligibility Criteria

Students who wish to pursue B. Optom course have to qualify their 10+2 in the area of science.
The candidate should pass their 10+2 with a minimum aggregate of 50% marks or equivalent (depends on different colleges) from the recognized education board.

Career opportunities for the students:

Students after completing their 4 year Bachelor in Optometry Course can work in
Reputed Eye Hospital
Start their own Private Practice
Work as a Consultant Optometrist in Retail Outlet
Consultant Optometrist in Multi-national Companies
Research Optometrist
Assistant Professor and Professor in Reputed Optometry Colleges across the countries.

Effective Blogging: The Road ahead

In 2022, the fifth most reliable source for online information has been rated to be the Blogs. Each month, nearly, 409 million people view more than 20 billion pages. That’s quite a huge number! So, you know why there has been a steady upsurge in blogging.

A blog according to Wikipedia is a discussion or informational website published on the internet, often informal diary-style posts.

This article will have two sections. First, how pandemic affected the blogging industry and second, some effective guidelines for writing good blogs.

Now, we will discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has its impact on blogging industry. Though the nature of the work is staying indoors but a survey conducted by firstsiteguide.com shows that 63.88% have been affected directly. Likewise, many had to alter their habits, pay higher prices, withdraw various services, and find a new method. Nearly, 46.50% of bloggers say that they have been blogging more since the pandemic. Whereas, 27.18% say that they blogged less, while the rest didn’t transform their blogging behaviour. However, some posted less as they weren’t motivated enough. Traffic has also been affected during the pandemic, only 54.27% of blogs getting more traffic. Since blogging revenue is directly connected to the amount of online traffic, around 35.19% of bloggers say that their revenue increased. On the other hand, 25.13% of bloggers had less revenue. The rest stated no significant changes.

blogger income bar graph — Courtesy: firstsiteguide.com

So, now this article will throw some light on 9 effective steps for blogging. Though this is not exhaustive but you can read through to sail smoothly.

The first thing you learn when you’re blogging is that people are one click away from leaving you. So, you’ve got to get to the point, you can’t waste people’s time, you’ve got to give them some value for their limited attention span.

Alex Tabarrok

Tabarrok rightly puts it that your writing style will be the ultimate mantra for an effective blog. With limited attention span of your audience, you can either entice them or keep them at bay with just one click.

Write for yourself first – To take the first step towards blogging; At first write for yourself. Have a critical mind to analyze beyond your ideas.

Think, whether you are liking your write-up.
Question yourself: Will you, as an audience, like to read the whole text? If not, why?
Work both on your strengths and your weaknesses. This is a key element to decipher your connection with your readers.

Get concepts from your audience- Audience is your patron. They will guide you to sail through this online race. So, if you can connect with them on regular basis, they will suggest your topics. But before that be careful, you must listen to your inner calling. Like, which genre of writing will keep you afloat even after 6 months or years after?

Hope, you don’t want to quit the scene. Right! So, hang on!

Comprehend your audience- Don’t ever under estimate your audience. They will give you feedback regarding your blogs. So, keep an open mind for constructive criticism. This process will aid you to sharpen your skill as a blogger.

Always keep an open dialogue with them and work on their suggestions to perfect your art of business.

Love your present readers – Whenever you have published your blog on platforms like, WordPress or Blogger etc. You will have your set of audience. That means you have offered your blog for the outer world to add their comments. They will judge you, appreciate you or moreover can troll you. But you may never know when your blog can become viral? Though there is a debate whether every viral content is worth sharing or not but you can’t deny the fact that it has immense power to get noticed!

So, love your existing readers and respect their opinions.

Be consistent – This is a mantra for every business i.e., consistency. Write on regular basis either daily, weekly or fortnightly. But if you are serious in your business, write on daily basis. Fix on your ideas, research well, be careful with your references. DON’T ever indulge in plagiarism. Respect others work to earn your respect.

You can be inspired by others but structure your blog according to your own niche style.

Keep it short – There is a saying in the field of journalism – KISS & TELL. That means Keep It Short Simple & Tell the Story. It goes with the concept of effective blogging too. When your audience is a click away to skip your page. The method to hold on to your audience, is to tell a story, in a few words.

We can say, brevity is the key.

Give it time – Believe me, if you love to write. You will give your time no matter what? So, time will pay you dividends. It will gain your regular audience. There is an audience for every genre of writing.

Focus on your daily target.
Try to write at least 500 words daily.
Make it a habit. As if you are writing on your diary.

Write catchy headlines – Headline is said to be the crest of every write-up. So, if it fails to convey the message well to your readers; then forget about your efforts on your research. You must think captivating headlines that will trigger interest in your audience to read your blog till the end.

So, practice writing enticing headlines to grab attention of your readers but remember Don’t misguide them!

Be Yourself – This is what will give that niche touch to your blogs. Have that personal touch. Don’t pretend to be what you are not. Your readers know you through your blogs, so be an open book, which can be read whenever they feel like.

So, we come to an end of this blog. Hope you enjoyed reading and start blogging from today!

Reference

https://optinmonster.com/blogging-statistics/#:~:text=General%20Blogging%20Statistics,sites%20are%20written%20in%20English.
https://firstsiteguide.com/blogging-industry-survey/#pdf

BLURB

The 10 most fascinating insights from blogging industry

The majority of bloggers are millennials (people aged 25 to 34).
For 14.08% of people, the greatest challenge was starting a blog.
91.65% of bloggers recommend starting a blog if you don’t have one yet.
28.83% of bloggers use GoDaddy web hosting services, followed by Bluehost with 9.90%.
59.81% of bloggers make money through blogging.
18.74% say that affiliate marketing is their top revenue source.
44.56% recommend YouTube as the second most popular revenue channel.
54.08% of bloggers say that they get the most traffic from social media.
33.40% of bloggers get ideas for new post topics on social media.
63.88% of blogs were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and 46.50% of bloggers say that they have been blogging more since the pandemic started

FUTURE OF ENGINEERING

What does engineering have in store for the future? Would engineers be able to find work in the upcoming post-COVID scenario, or will they first require any new skills to equip themselves with? How will core engineering be taught on the internet? – These are some of the slew of questions that haunts every aspiring student, educational institutions, instructors and also parents. The future is undoubtedly unpredictable, but it does not imply that it is doom and gloom.

In view of the post-pandemic scenario, in this article, a quick idea on an insight ‘Inside Engineering 2022’ has been provided. It encompasses of the upcoming post-COVID campusing scenario, online learning, the upcoming job market, and the need to shed light on the present system of Engineering education. This is always dependent on the branch that the student had pursued. For example, the global trend of economy, or the industrial professionals’ opinions, is that the manufacturing industry will increase first and mainly owing to the need for healthcare equipment. Second, everyone is now drifting towards online platforms for various reasons, therefore we may expect an increase in online platforms, e-commerce, and professional opportunities, particularly in data science and analytics. Because once all of the data is available online, there is a lot of room for different types of prediction. As a result, students are mostly getting enrolled in Computer Science-related programmes will be able to find work. However, this will be determined by their skill sets. Some of the frequent questions have been answered in the following section:

Can core engineering be taught effectively online?

Definitely not. However, there are a number of options for dealing with this issue. To begin, students need to have a basic comprehension of theoretical concepts. Second, students should be able to put these theoretical principles into practise, regardless of whether they learned them online or offline. So, after they’ve grasped the concept, they must figure out how to put it into practise. Using simulation software or virtual laboratories is one approach to keep their learning on track. There are various platforms that provide various kinds of training for mechanical and even aerospace engineers, but if the environment is favourable, they should begin looking for internship possibilities.

Can an insight be given on the impact of lockdown on educational institutions?
It is certainly not possible for each and every professor to have necessary infrastructure for online instruction. At the same time, there are other options to consider. For example, there are students who find it difficult to access to the internet in villages or who live in places where there are regular power outages. However, better evaluation techniques may be pursued that presently exists in various educational industries, which includes providing students with homework or taking viva over the phone. This will certainly require a good amount of work on the part of instructors. If they are unable to provide such assessment mechanisms, educational institutions may require students to enrol in any of the government of India’s online courses. Some well-known colleges, such as Adamas University and others, have partnered with Coursera, allowing students and staff members to enrol in online courses. It is also feasible for us to assess based on the outcomes of the courses. There are several chances available; how you utilize them is entirely up to you. There are probably 1% or fewer of pupils who do not have a smartphone. So, if we look at the possibilities on current platforms, we’ll be able to do a better job of evaluating them.

Is the trend to online learning beneficial? Or is it better to revert to our old habits?

It will certainly depend on the individual whether it is better or not. People, for example, use WhatsApp to communicate more effectively. People often use it to post hilarious movies or spread false information. Since a result, it will be determined by how we employ it, as anything created by man may be used or mistreated. The same is true with internet technology. There are also cyber laws to consider. When we first started using WhatsApp, there was no such thing as a sharing issue. However, the government has recently implemented stricter safeguards. As a result, it will be entirely dependent on the individual. In another scenario, suppose a student is taking a Coursera course and he requires to enhance his skills. So, after the questions are shown on Coursera or any other online course site, he can look up the answers using Google, but he won’t be able to demonstrate his ability in an interview. He has the option of using it for the good of society or for his own advantage. However, if he wants to misuse it, he may do so. However, if the rules take effect and the government enforces the internet cyber laws even more strictly, this will come to an end.

Overnight, the coronavirus had transformed the employment market. The global pandemic has had a major impact on the economy and job stability. It has a long-lasting, and game-changing consequences. Some industry, corporations, and employees have benefited from the worldwide epidemic of Covid-19. They were quarantined and worked from home since everyone was instructed to stay isolated, exactly as they had done for the preceding two years owing to the recent epidemic. As a result, a new teleworking revolution has begun, with increasing demand for computer-related jobs. Because everyone wants a secure virtual connection (with all services), this current epidemic has resulted in several mind-blowing discoveries, inventions, and other future ideas. As a consequence, computer jobs are and will always be a great way to stay safe, especially because many of them allow to work from home. Many huge organizations are on the lookout for new potential workers to give with the perks they deserve, such as health insurance, paid time off, and online jobs. Full-stack developers earn an average of $94,164 per year and have had the most increase in job vacancies of any profession in history, up 162 percent since 2016.To operate on both the front and back ends of technology, computer scientists need a diverse set of computing abilities. This reflects larger job market developments, in which organizations are giving technology roles to their employees quicker than they can find qualified people to fill them, resulting in a labour shortage. As a result, information technology professionals are in some of the strongest situations to enhance their pay and benefits.

Is it the Best Time to Study Electronics?

The rate of employment in the electronics sector is booming due to the steep growth of electronics industry in India. The past few years have witnessed a massive compound annual growth rate of more than 42%. The electronic markets around the world was valued at 1172 billion USD back in 2017 and is enlarging continuously. According to few reports the market for manufacturing semiconductors (consisting of machinery, substances, and solutions) is expected to enlarge from USD 440 bn in 2020 to USD 1 trillion by 2030. Reports indicated a prospect of about 80 bn dollars for the Indian semiconductor industry by 2030. A few articles also suggest massive growth for inventions and R & D in the Semiconductor production instruments–submodules, consumables and spares for the MSME industry in India. This year (2022) the semiconductor chip industry around the world is predicted to get as far as US$600 bn. In a recent conference Hon. PM (Shri. Narendra Modi) expected the consumption of semiconductor in India to go beyond $80 bn by 2026 and $110 bn by 2034. A few experts expect the global semiconductor industry to grow 10% in 2022 to over US$600 billion for the 1^st time in history. In the year 2021, the market for semiconductors in India was evaluated at $27 bn. This market is expected to grow at a sensible CAGR of 16% between 2019 and 2026. Experts predict this market to cross $64 bn by 2026. The current estimate of the semiconductor trade for the telecom industry is greater than 2 bn and is predicted to enlarge at a CAGR of 34% between 2021-2026. There is a budding occasion for India to give as far as $85 bn – $100 bn of the $550 bn – $600 bn annual global opportunity by 2030 (17% of the market need around the world).

Opportunities:

The central govt. approved ₹76,000 crore under the PLI project to boost the semiconductors and display manufacturing ecosphere in India. A large number of incentives are provided to design companies to design chips in India. The govt. of India has also launched the Scheme for Promotion of Manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductors (SPECS) and the Modified Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC 2.0) Scheme. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) estimates a steep growth of 24%, 23%, and 20% market share in wireless communications, consumer electronics, and automotive electronics respectively. The government is also in conversation with semiconductor manufacturing giants of Taiwan like the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) or the United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) for developing the semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem in India. The govt. is also in search of manufacturing sites along several cities in India. There has been an approval for $13 bn for allied sectors which contains ACC batteries, auto components, telecom and networking products, solar PV modules, and white goods. The PLI policies and the Make in India initiatives can aid the local procurement of semiconductor by over 17% by 2026. The 5G rollout in India is predicted to skyrocket the need for semiconductors manufacturing in India (as predicted by several telecom industries). The local production of semiconductors in India is presently low, India has a large capability to frame itself as a front runner supplier in the upcoming days provided that the talent/skill pool and resources are used precisely. The near future is expected to create opportunities for research and innovations in the semiconductor production submodules, consumer nondurables, and spares. India has also got an exceptional talent in the semiconductor design. Almost all best in the world semiconductor design firms have research and development units in India.

Threats:

The semiconductor global market is dominated by U.S. with almost 50% (worth $208 bn in 2020) of the market share. The U.S. counts the semiconductor as one of its top 5 exports with over 80% of the sales to overseas countries. The U.S. industry invests over 1/5^th of its total revenue for research and development of semiconductors. Along with the U.S. China is also a major manufacturer of semiconductors. China has largely increased its semiconductor chip sales with an annual growth rate of 30.6% capturing 9% of the global market share, leaving behind Taiwan and Europe. The war among Ukraine and Russia may lead to shortage of Neon and Hexafluorobutadiene gases from Ukraine disturbing the supply chain of semiconductors. These issues in the supply chain may also adversely affect the automobile sector. A report states that less than 10% of the India’s semiconductor components were sourced locally. In the last two years, the global chip shortage has caused a revenue loss above US $500 bn around the globe. The continuing talent scarcity will increase by the inclusion of increased semiconductor manufacturing amenity outside Taiwan, China, and South Korea. The loftier need for software skills needed to program and integrate chips into fast-growing markets will further worsen the shortfall.

FUTURE PROSPECT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

What is the Medical Lab Technology?

B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology is a 3-year undergraduate course to start a career as medical laboratory technologist. This course deals with the routine and sophisticated laboratory diagnostic techniques. Students who pursues this course get the knowledge of advanced diagnostic procedures in medical field.

Eligibility guidelines

Students must qualify their 10+2 exam with physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology with a minimum 60% aggregate marks (depends on different college) from the recognized educational board of the country.

Students can explore their career as follows-

Laboratory technologist at various pathological laboratories, Pharmaceutical labs, Public Health Laboratories, Private Hospitals, Research and product development etc.
Research Scholar/Scientist
Blood Bank officer
Medical Officer
Laboratory Manager
Laboratory Technician at various field in Government sectors by HRB recruitments

Scope in higher study

Various college and universities are now offering higher studies in this course. Students who want to pursue higher study or want to stick to the academic line after completion of BMLT can opt for MMLT (masters in medical lab technology) or PhD in medical laboratory technology.

Internship

Students are trained and skilled in various specialty in the field of medical lab technology in well reputed tertiary care hospital for 6 months so that students become well versed in there technical and clinical expertise.

Telling a Tale in a Technical World

Why study literature at a time when India is increasingly heading towards industrialization? What are its utilities? Who is literature for? Who is capable of understanding literature? The following writeup attempts to address these concerns.

Why study literature?

Have you ever wondered what guides our understanding of life? What is reality made of? Is it simply an assemblage of stimuli which we gather simultaneously? Every human being out of 7.8 billion souls traversing across the earth must have pondered on the said questions. Some may call these existential mutterings of microbes, or some may interpret these queries as fundamental. It matters not to say the least in the grand scheme of things, if there is a grand blueprint that is. However, we do not make sense of life through placing ourselves in the grand scheme. We see fragments – your story is what you get to live and experience. The grand story is not for you to go through, it is a luxury of posterity. So, how do we cope with these apparently relevant questions? Literature shows the way.

What is serious literature?

Serious literature is a record of insecurities and aspirations of human beings across time and space. As readers you may find strong resonance with someone’s accounts, which in turn help you to make sense – you find a way to combat your feelings. You come to terms with yourself. So, what about a library then? It is a record of your cultural memory. How many of you try to go there? Not many I suppose. So, how do you tune into that cultural repertoire? You may choose mediums of expression which are available more readily – perhaps Netflix? Or, a popular movie? The issue remains that these mediums have not withstood the test of time, nor have they been approved by experts. Do you take medicines which are not licensed by the competent authority? You certainly do not! So, why shall literature be any different?

Answering the Question

Literature is a discipline, you cannot simply appreciate it because you have evolved from your neanderthal like ancestors, and this has given you the privilege to read and write. One of the utilities of studying literature as a discipline is this – it enables you to identify the good from the bad. You learn to identify superior markers of your cultural memory from the imperfect ones. This is one aspect of critical thinking. A person who can question literature and navigate through its labyrinth is capable of questioning the laws which define convention. Literature too is a product of convention – at times it obeys the latter, or at times literature may question it. However, you should not take my words at their face value. Let me give you certain relatable examples.

Scenario 1: you are in love and you are considering whether to propose your beloved. You are not entirely sure how she / he may feel. You may get rejected and you end up not proposing her / him altogether. The opportunity passes and now you are filled with regret, you are not sure whether you did the right thing.
Solution: When in doubt turn to the bard –

“So I, for fear of trust, forget to say

The perfect ceremony of love’s rite,

And in mine own love’s strength seem to decay,

O’ercharg’d with burden of mine own love’s might.

… O, learn to read what silent love hath writ:

To hear with eyes belongs to love’s fine wit.” (Sonnet 23)

So, you see dear reader, you are not alone in your plight. People have felt what you are feeling and people will continue feeling this way. You can combat your loneliness. Life does not appear too hopeless now, is it? Is this not good enough? Shakespeare, therefore, rises from his grave only to serve you as your personal psychiatrist – he has all the time in the world to listen to your worries and fears. He will not judge you. It is a safe space.

Scenario 2: something terrible has happened to you – a family tragedy, perhaps your cv was rejected at the site of your dream job, or perhaps you have discovered that you are an alien living among men and you do not really belong here! – therefore, you end up questioning the very will of the maker, the existence of God. You feel that nobody is really up there looking at you, and you are all alone in an unfamiliar galaxy, where you seem to exist by chance.

Solution: Tennyson attempts to capture the conflict of an entire era in his poetry. The uncertainty of divine revelations. He writes –

“So runs my dream, but what am I?

An infant crying in the night

An infant crying for the light

And with no language but a cry.” (In Memoriam)

No one can give you the answer whether God exists or not. You have to come up with your own! However, literature can certainly give you that space of solidarity. It is in our marrow to doubt the existence of an ever-loving, just Creator. We fear abandonment. But literature shows how even in our abandonment we are not alone. We have fellow abandoned creatures alongside us.

Take Away

It is a discipline like any other, yet it is a discipline that tells a story while it educates. Let us remember those bygone days of our childhood – sitting by the lampshade, hearing our grandparents telling us fantastic tales of adventure and bravery, wisdom and kindness, love and fraternity. That’s how life began, so do you really think you will ever forget the essence of such an experience? You cannot! Literature nests in our psyche the day we start learning.

P.S. let your inquisitive friends and relatives know why you have decided to pursue literature by sharing this piece.

বানানের গোলকধাঁধা

বাংলা লিখতে গিয়ে আর পাঁচটা ভাষার মতোই বানান নিয়ে সমস্যা লেগে থাকে। তবে যাদের মাতৃভাষা বাংলা, তাদের ঠিক বানান লেখার দায় অনেক বেশি। ‘আম্ব্রেলা’-কে ‘আমরেলা’ বললে যতটা শোরগোল পড়ে, বাঙালিদের কাছে তার চেয়েও বেশি কষ্টের হয়ে ওঠে বিজ্ঞাপনের কুৎসিত বাংলা বানান। পরীক্ষার্থীদের জন্য বানান ভুলে নম্বর কাটা এখন আর প্রযোজ্য নয়। কিন্তু প্রশ্ন কি শুধু নম্বরের? নির্ভুল ভাষা লিখতে পারা তো ভাষাশিক্ষার অন্যতম গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। তাই রইল কিছু নিয়ম, যাতে চোখ বুলিয়ে নিলে অন্তত কিছু সমস্যা এড়ানো সম্ভব।

‘কী’ হল ইংরেজির ‘হোয়াট’। বাকি সমস্ত ক্ষেত্রে ‘কি’ বসে। যেসব প্রশ্নের উত্তর হ্যাঁ বা না-তে দেওয়া সম্ভব, সেই ক্ষেত্রে ‘কি’ হবে। আর যে প্রশ্নের উত্তর বিস্তৃত, সে ক্ষেত্রে হবে ‘কী’। যেমন – ‘আমি কি খাব?’ এর উত্তরে হবে ‘হ্যাঁ, খাবে’ কিংবা ‘না, খাবে না’। কিন্তু ‘আমি কী খাব?’-র উত্তর একটা গোটা মেনুকার্ড হয়ে যেতে পারে!
‘কী সুন্দর!’ বা ‘কী খারাপ’ প্রভৃতি সবসময় ‘কী’। যে কোনও আবেগ প্রকাশের ক্ষেত্রে দীর্ঘস্বরের ব্যবহার হয়। ‘এমনকি’ হ্রস্ব স্বর। কিন্তু ‘কী এমন ব্যাপার’ দীর্ঘ।
শব্দের শেষে বা শুরুতে অকারণ ঈ-কার, ঊ-কার, ও-কার বর্জন করা হয়। দিঘি, পাখি, বাড়ি, উনিশ। শুধু তখনই ও-কার বসে, যখন আমাদের অন্য কোনও প্রচলিত শব্দের সঙ্গে গুলিয়ে যাওয়ার সম্ভাবনা থাকে। যেমন – বলত। হত। করত। পারত। বলব। এবার মনে হতেই পারে যে ‘হত’ মানে তো নিহতও হয়। কিন্তু শব্দটি তুলনায় কম প্রচলিত। সেই কারণেই আমি ‘ভাল’ লিখি, ‘ভালো’ নয়। কিন্তু ‘কালো’-কে ‘কাল’ লেখা যাবে না। তাহলে আজ-কাল-এর সঙ্গে গুলিয়ে যাবে।
‘মত’ হচ্ছে মতামত। ‘মতো’ হচ্ছে সাদৃশ্যমূলক।
কাপড় ‘পরা’। কারণ এটি ‘পরিধান’ থেকে এসেছে। ‘পঠন’ অর্থে ‘পড়া’, ‘পতন’ অর্থেও তাই।
হাসি, কাচ, ইট – এগুলিতে চন্দ্রবিন্দু হয় না।
‘বাধা’ মানে বিপত্তি, অথবা বেধে যাওয়া। ‘বাধানো’ শব্দটা ঝগড়া বাধানো, গোলমাল বাধানো অর্থে বসে। ‘বাঁধা’ এসেছে বন্ধন থেকে। এর মানে ‘টু টাই আপ’। আর ‘বাঁধানো’ বসে দাঁত বাঁধানো, বই বাঁধাই, সোনা বাঁধানো এইসব ক্ষেত্রে।
‘বেড়ানো’, ‘বেড়াতে যাওয়া’। কিন্তু ‘বেরনো’, ‘বেরিয়ে পড়া’। ‘বেরিয়ে পড়লাম’ আর ‘বেড়িয়ে এসে জ্বরে পড়লাম’- দুটো বাক্যেরই প্রথম শব্দগুলি ভিন্ন।
‘আদেও’ বলে কোনও শব্দ নেই। শব্দটি ‘আদৌ’।
বিদেশি শব্দে কোনও দীর্ঘস্বর থাকে না। জাপানি, ফরাসি, দেশি, তির, হিরে, বিদেশি, স্বদেশি, হিন্দি, আলমারি, বাহাদুরি, সরকারি প্রভৃতি।
‘আগামী’, কিন্তু ‘আগামিকাল’।
‘হক’ মানে অধিকার। ‘হোক’ একটি ক্রিয়া। ‘আমার হক বুঝে নেব’ আর ‘আমার করোনা হোক, বুঝে নেব’ – বানানে অর্থের আকাশপাতাল তফাত হয়ে যায়। ঠিক তেমনি ‘তিনি আমার মামা হন’ – এখানে ‘হন’ মানে ‘হয়ে থাকেন’। কিন্তু, ‘গঙ্গায় স্নান করে পবিত্র হোন’- এর মানে বর্তমান কালে ‘হয়ে উঠুন’।
শ্রেণি, প্রাণি, কোশ – এই তিনটি শব্দ এইরকম বানানে লেখা হয়।
‘কুল’ মানে বংশ, অথবা ইংরেজি শব্দটির লিখিত রূপ। কিন্তু ‘কূল’ মানে নদী, দিঘি বা সমুদ্রের পাড়। আবার ‘পাড়’ মানে তীরভূমি কিংবা শাড়ির পাড়, কিন্তু ‘পার’ হচ্ছে মূলত ক্রিয়াবাচক বিশেষ্য। যদিও এখন কূল অর্থেও ‘পার’ ব্যবহার হয়।
‘ধারণা’। কিন্তু, ‘ধরন’।
‘মূলত’, ‘ক্রমশ’, ‘সাধারণত’ – এসবের পর আর বিসর্গ বসে না।
কথ্য হালকা স্ল্যাং বা বিদেশি শব্দের ক্ষেত্রে শব্দ যথাসম্ভব সরল করে লেখা হয়। সেসব ক্ষেত্রে ণ্ড, ণ্ট বসে না। ন্ড, ন্ট বসে। যা ঢং করে বাজে তা ঘণ্টা। আর যা ষাট মিনিটে হয়, তা ঘন্টা। যা ঘাঁটা-র সমার্থক, তা ঘণ্ট। ‘মুণ্ড’, কিন্তু ‘মুন্ডু’। একই যুক্তিতে আরও কিছু বানান ভেদ আছে। যেহেতু তৎসম, তাই ‘কোণ’, ‘নীচ’, ‘রোগী’। কিন্তু যেহেতু কথ্য, তাই ‘কোনা’, ‘নিচু’, ‘রুগি’।
‘মরা’ মানে মরে যাওয়া। ‘মড়া’ মানে মৃতদেহ। মড়া হয়ে উঠতে গেলে মরা আবশ্যক।
অভিধান দেখার ক্ষেত্রে অনেকেই আলাদা আলাদা নিয়ম মানেন। কিন্তু একটা নিয়ম সব ক্ষেত্রে প্রযোজ্য। অভিধানে কোনও শব্দের প্রথম যে বানান, সেটাই ওই বানানবিধিতে সর্বজনস্বীকৃত। তার পরের বানানগুলি হচ্ছে অঞ্চল বা উপভাষা-ভেদে প্রকার।
উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের মধ্যে তুলে আনা উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে মূল বইয়ের বানান হুবহু এক রাখতে হবে। তা সে যতই প্রাচীন বানান হোক। এছাড়া কোনও সংলাপ থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে বানানে কিছু ছাড় দেওয়া চলে। একজন সমাজবিরোধী যদি বলে ‘মেসিন ঠেকিয়ে খালাস করে দেব’, সেখানে ‘মেশিন’ বানান ভুল হলেও রাখা যাবে। ওটা তার শ্রেণির চরিত্র বহন করে।

বেশিরভাগ বানানের ক্ষেত্রেই একটা না একটা যুক্তি থাকে। সেই যুক্তিটা একবার বুঝে গেলে বানান মুখস্থ করার আর প্রয়োজন পড়ে না। আপনিই মনে থেকে যায়। আশা করি ওপরে লেখা কথাগুলি পরবর্তীকালে বাংলা লেখার ক্ষেত্রে কিছুটা হলেও সাহায্য করবে।

Career growth in VLSI and Embedded System Design for B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering students after Pandemic

Learning areas of this course:

All students must learn advanced skills in high demand like VLSI and Embedded System Design and apply these skills to get a job. These transferable in-demand skills are so essential after post-pandemic. ECE offers new career opportunities to its engineers. All of our essential services are now projected to a new level. During a pandemic, we are shifting away from using offline platforms and toward online platforms. We are accustomed to using e-commerce to buy and sell goods or transfer funds via online platforms, and there is a large employment opportunity. Use of Embedded system design can be found in every industry, from medicine to manufacturing. An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software that performs a specific task within a specified time frame which means it should perform only one specific task. The main advantage of using an embedded system in an application is that it reduces the size and cost of the task while also improving its reliability and efficiency. Students studying Electronics and Communication Engineering will be able to find jobs in e-commerce by preparing themselves with the necessary skill sets.

Because of the pandemic, our demand for biomedical electronics has increased. We must develop more biomedical instruments and devices to ensure our survival in the healthcare system. There will be a huge opportunity to find work in the field of biomedical. Because these domains require knowledge of circuit theory, semiconductor device, analog circuits, digital circuits, and understanding of VLSI and Embedded System design, they are mostly open to students with an ECE background. As a result, they have more job opportunities.

Unique Aspects and strength of VLSI and Embedded System design:

Working in the core electronics industry is the dream of every ECE engineering students. VLSI and Embedded system design are two of the most important industries for an electronics engineer. However, in order to find work in these industries, one must be highly skilled, with a solid understanding of the fundamentals and a hands-on approach. The industry expects engineers to be familiar with industry standard EDA tools and fabrication but fabrication is beyond the scope of B.Tech course structure. Using Make in India, Digital India and Start-up India programme thrives to the Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) sector in India, many manufacturers are relocating to the country to establish their businesses. Making India a Semiconductor Hub for ESDM, the government invites applications for the Chips to Startup (C2S) Program. The Indian government has approved a comprehensive programme to develop an Integrated Circuit (IC)/ ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) design by using VLSI system design in the country. Many Start-ups and MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise) are now interested to progress in this field.

Every year, India spends billions of dollars to bring electronic consumer devices to the country. VLSI and Embedded systems play a significant role in consumer electronics. As a result, VLSI and embedded systems are emerging domains in India. There will be a significant skill gap in these areas. Every year, India invested billions of dollars to import electronic consumer devices. VLSI and Embedded systems are important in consumer service electronics. As a result, VLSI and embedded systems are growing in popularity in World. There will be a significant skill gap in these following areas.

SoC Desien
ASIC Design
Reusable IP Core(s) Design and Development
Application Oriented Working Prototype of ASICs and SoCs
ASIC and FPGA Research and Development

With the emerging rise in the VLSI industry our processing speed increases to Intel Pentium P5 processor to recent core i9 processor and our mobile phone processor become thinner (4nm) to make mobile phone energy efficient and provide better performance.

Every new process node is evaluated based on three key metrics: power, performance, and area (PPA). Designers strive to balance and improve the three areas, but cost and time-to-market (collectively PPACT) are taken into account when chipmakers choose between process node options.

Industry 4.0 jobs are available through VLSI and Embedded System design. Smart homes are built with IoT and Embedded system design technology and smart electronics appliances such as a smart refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, microwave, and washing machine that can be controlled remotely via smartphone. IoT and Embedded system design technology play an important role in healthcare.

Students having the following skills for companies like Intel, Qualcomm, Samsung, HCL Technologies, L&T etc.

Programming skills like Verilog/VHDL and
Exposure to VLSI Industry standard tools for ASIC and FPGA design
Embedded Programming skill like C, C++, Java, Embedded C++ and Python
Clear understanding of analog and digital circuit analysis and design.

If you want to work in technology, you must have certain skills. You must think like an engineer and learn engineering skills. Contrast “engineering labour” with “engineer.” If you believe you are an engineer, you must prove it before the rest of the world believes you. And proving it is difficult. However, believe me when I say that the VLSI Industry is in desperate need of Engineers. We have a demand, but no resources. We can find engineering labour but not engineers. It’s oversaturated for people who consider themselves engineers but perform engineering labour work. It has a bright future for those who are connected to technology and willing to learn on a regular basis. The future exists in all domains (analog – because world is analog, Digital – all computer works on binary, Mix-signal – because we are moving from integration of Real world and Computer world in form of AI, ML, AR-VR).

Future relocation area Memory that is fast and compact high-speed, low-power processor design. Every individual must now determine what skills they possess and where they can contribute and whether or not the industry is saturated will be determined by this.

Why to Enrol in A Master’s in Economics Program with Finance Specialization? – Fascinating Career Path Ahead

An economy cannot be stable without a well-functioning financial sector. Over the years, due to various national and international events including the ongoing pandemic that hit financial sector badly, the working of it has become more complex. To ensure efficient functioning of the financial sector, it needs well-equipped and trained professionals who can handle tricky tasks. Mainly, financial data analysts are now in high demand. These analysts are expected to have sufficient knowledge of the sector along with the overall economy and to be equipped with the skills of understanding as well as building models that would ensure financial securities to be traded at optimal prices and financial transactions to be done in the most efficient way.

These professionals, depending on their job profiles, may also need to create portfolio of profit generating financial assets that also bear lower risk factors. In this data driven world, an analyst needs to make use of a clever combination of mathematical, statistical, and analytical tools to comprehend the task of determining optimal prices of various financial assets, creating optimal investment portfolios, analyzing risk-return trade off of various assets, and so on. The branch of study that makes you efficient in doing this can be a Master’s degree in Economics with specialization in financial economics that covers the areas of corporate finance, investments and/or banking.

What does a master’s program in economics with specialization in finance exactly intend at?

It is a prerequisite to go through appropriate training and guidance to comprehend the changing structure of financial markets and gain proper skills to act as financial analysts. A perfectly structured master’s program in economics that offers specialization in financial economics helps to become an efficient financial analyst. This program makes one learn the application of diverse theoretical models to wide range of data using appropriate analytical tools and analyze those data. For example, a student enrolled in this program is expected to develop the skill of optimal price setting for financial assets, build the efficiency in risk analysis and devising risk management techniques in relation portfolio management for investors. Thus, this program helps in honing the skill of efficient financial decision making by developing a sound understanding of the theories and their applications in this field.

Is this program a right choice for shaping up your career path?

Do you want to be trained in financial economics?
Do you have adequate prior knowledge of economics and basic mathematical skills?

Then, this specialization in Master’s in Economics program is the right choice if you want to have the best advanced education in the area of financial economics.

The students that are the most suitable for this Master’s programme-

Must be ambitious to learn the modern finance.
Must be comfortable with the application of quantitative tools, and be eager to solve real-life financial problems.
Must be interested in discussing business cases and their implications.

A well-structured program makes you ready for jobs in the domain of of risk management, asset-liability management and research and analytics in national and international financial markets.

Career path ahead as a financial analyst:

While a strong financial system is a perquisite for a well-functioning economy, a financial system performs well only when efficient decisions are made and calculative moves are undertaken at every step. Financial analysts play crucial roles in this respect as these professionals possess the skill of applying appropriate analytical tools to the raw data available for making intelligent decisions in businesses.

You can act as a good financial analyst only if you have a strong educational background in this field. Besides, it would not also be tough to say that these professionals having such skills tend to get lucrative remunerations from their jobs. With a Master’s in Economics with specialization in Finance, you develop the skill to build your career in the financial and banking sectors as professionals in the areas of financial research and analytics, financial and bank risk management as quantitative analysts.

The demand for good analysts do not come from the banking industry only, but also from a wide variety of asset management firms, exchanges, regulators and various other firms operating in the financial sector.

One does not need to be very strong in mathematics or statistics if you wish to make your career as a financial analyst, but you can still gain the required expertise to become a good financial analyst if you enrol yourself in a well-structured PG program in Economics with a specialization in Finance.